Compensation of depleted neuronal subsets by new neurons in a local area of the adult olfactory bulb.

In the olfactory bulb (OB), loss of preexisting granule cells (GCs) and incorporation of adult-born new GCs continues throughout life. GCs consist of distinct subsets. Here, we examined whether the loss and incorporation of GC subsets are coordinated in the OB.

Gene up-regulation in response to predator kairomones in the water flea, Daphnia pulex.

Background: Numerous cases of predator-induced polyphenisms, in which alternate phenotypes are produced in response to extrinsic stimuli, have been reported in aquatic taxa to date. The genus Daphnia (Branchiopoda, Cladocera) provides a model experimental system for the study of the developmental mechanisms and evolutionary processes associated with predator-induced polyphenisms. In D.

Elaborate regulations of the predator-induced polyphenism in the water flea Daphnia pulex: kairomone-sensitive periods and life-history tradeoffs.

Adaptive polyphenism produces alternative phenotypes depending on environmental stimuli. The water flea Daphnia pulex shows predator-induced polyphenism, facultatively forming neckteeth in response to kairomones released by Chaoborus larvae. This study was designed to reveal the regulatory systems producing the defensive morph during embryonic and postembryonic development.