Case report: Environmental adjustment for visual hallucinations in dementia with Lewy bodies based on photo assessment of the living environment.

Background: Visual hallucinations (VH) are associated with visual prediction error in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Given this relationship, environmental adjustments have been suggested, but detailed contents for implementing such environmental adjustments and assessments are poorly documented. This case report preliminarily demonstrates methods for improving VH through our experience with two patients with DLB.

Differences by cognitive impairment in detailed processes for basic activities of daily living in older adults with dementia.

Background: Impairment of activities of daily living in patients with dementia has a fundamental and lasting impact on their quality of life and requires a detailed assessment. This study investigated to clarify characteristic of basic activities of daily living (BADL) processes with the severity of cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults with dementia using the Process Analysis of Daily Activity for Dementia (PADA-D).

Methods: Participants were recruited from outpatient departments of 24 hospitals, daycare centres, and home rehabilitation services in Japan.

Characteristic of process analysis on instrumental activities of daily living according to the severity of cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults with Alzheimer's disease.

Objectives: To clarify the characteristic of impaired and unimpaired Instrumental Activities of daily living (IADL) processes with the severity of cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD) using the Process Analysis of Daily Activity for Dementia (PADA-D).

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: 13 medical and care centers in Japan.

Case Report: Treatment of Delusions of Theft Based on the Assessment of Photos of Patients' Homes.

Background: The occurrence of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia is affected by individualized context. However, details regarding delusion of theft have been poorly documented. This report describes a useful assessment to understand the environmental context of delusion through two cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Plasma NfL is associated with mild cognitive decline in patients with diabetes.

Background: Patients with diabetes are at a higher risk for cognitive decline. Thus, biomarkers that can provide early and simple detection of cognitive decline are required. Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a cytoskeletal protein that constitutes neural axons.

Characteristics of behavioral symptoms in right-sided predominant semantic dementia and their impact on caregiver burden: a cross-sectional study.

Background: This study aimed to clarify the neuropsychiatric symptoms of right-sided predominant semantic dementia (SD-R) by comparing them with those of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), left-sided predominant SD (SD-L), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study also aimed to identify clinical factors related to caregiver burden for bvFTD, SD-R, and SD-L.

Methods: The neuropsychiatric symptoms of 28 patients with bvFTD, 14 patients with SD-R, 24 patients with SD-L, and 43 patients with AD were evaluated using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and the Stereotypy Rating Inventory (SRI).

Clinical features of behavioral symptoms in patients with semantic dementia: Does semantic dementia cause autistic traits?

Objective: To investigate the behavioral characteristics of semantic dementia (SD) using an instrument originally developed for patients with autism spectrum disorder.

Methods: The behavioral symptoms of 20 patients with SD and 20 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in both the preclinical state and the dementia state were evaluated using the Pervasive Developmental Disorders Autism Society Japan Rating Scale (PARS).

Results: The SD group showed high prevalence in four behaviors related to stereotypy and social impairment: eating very few food items, selfishness, difficulty in recognizing others' feeling and thoughts, and interpreting language literally.

The Influence of the COVID-19 Outbreak on the Lifestyle of Older Patients With Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment Who Live Alone.

Under the COVID-19 outbreak, the Japanese government has strongly encouraged individuals to stay at home. The aim of the current study was to clarify the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on the lifestyle of older adults with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who live alone. Seventy-four patients with dementia or MCI aged ≥65 years, who regularly visited the dementia clinic of the Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Hospital, were recruited in this study.

Association between Daily Activities and Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Memory Complaints by Their Families.

It is important and useful to consider information provided by family members about individuals with memory complaints' instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics and relevance of individuals with memory complaints' IADL and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) assessed from the perspective of the family members using the Process Analysis of Daily Activity for Dementia and short version Dementia Behavior Disturbance scale. A self-administered questionnaire was sent to 2000 randomly selected members of Consumer's Co-operative Kagoshima, and 621 responded.

Age-Related Changes in Instrumental and Basic Activities of Daily Living Impairment in Older Adults with Very Mild Alzheimer's Disease.

Background/aims: Age-related changes in impairments in activities of daily living (ADL) in older adults with very mild Alzheimer's disease (vmAD) have been scarcely explored. We clarified the characteristics of ADL impairment and examined how ADL impairments differed by age in such patients compared with community-dwelling cognitively normal older adults.

Methods: The participants were 107 older adults with vmAD (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] score ≥24), all of whom were first-visit outpatients at the Dementia Clinic of the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kumamoto University Hospital.

Relationship between executive dysfunction and neuropsychiatric symptoms and impaired instrumental activities of daily living among patients with very mild Alzheimer's disease.

Objectives: Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) experience a gradual loss in their ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) from the early stage. A better understanding of the possible factors associated with IADL decline is important for the development of effective rehabilitation and support programs for patients with AD. Thus, we examined the relationships between comprehensive cognitive functions and neuropsychiatric symptoms and IADLs in patients with very mild AD.

Instrumental Activities of Daily Living: The Processes Involved in and Performance of These Activities by Japanese Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Subjective Memory Complaints.

Subjective memory complaints (SMCs) may predict the onset of dementia. The purpose of this study was to clarify characteristics of performance of activities of daily living (ADL) for older adults with SMCs and to offer support options that enable them to maintain their community-based lifestyle. A self-administered questionnaire was sent to 2000 randomly selected members of CO-OP Kagoshima, and 621 responded.

Mental health among younger and older caregivers of dementia patients.

Aim: Caregiver burden in dementia is an important issue, but few studies have examined the mental health of younger and older family caregivers by comparing them with age- and gender-matched community residents. We aimed to compare the mental health of dementia caregivers with that of community residents and to clarify factors related to mental health problems in younger and older caregivers.

Methods: We studied 104 dementia caregivers; 46 were younger (<65 years) and 58 were older (≥65 years).