[Clinicoepidemiological features of echinococcosis in men serving in the navy].

Aim: To analyse echinococcosis morbidity and course characteristics in men serving in the Navy.

Material And Methods: The results of annual 1983-2006 check-up of Navy men were analysed to estimate echinococcosis morbidity in patients with eosinophilia and tumors including cysts. The diagnosis was made with application of clinical, ultrasound, radionuclide, morphological (including parasitological), biochemical and immunological methods, computed tomography.

[Symptoms of diphyllobothriasis in young males serving in the army].

Aim: To study prevalence and clinical symptoms of diphyllobothriasis in military personnel.

Material And Methods: Non-random sample of 123 patients was examined, 72 healthy military personnel entered a control group. Total blood count, urine analysis, chest fluorography, coproovoscopic tests, test for occult blood, fibrogastroduodenoscopy, blood biochemical tests, ECG were conducted.

[Echinococcosis in servicemen: epidemiology, clinical picture, treatment and military medical examination].

On the basis of our own and literary data the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnostics, treatment, military medical examination and regular medical check-up of the patients with echinococcosis were developed. The detailed clinical and anatomic classification of the disease is given for the first time. The characteristic clinical case of multiple echinococcosis, the special features of its diagnosis and treatment are described.

[Anthropurgic foci of pseudotuberculosis and the mechanisms of their formation in groups of servicemen].

At the period of 1982 - 2003, morbidity rate in pseudotuberculosis and the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis culture rates in groups of servicemen (from different abiotic objects, from humans and small rodents) in different geographic zones were studied. The cases of the isolation of Y. pseudotuberculosis were most frequently registered in groups of servicemen in the Far East and the Kola Peninsula.

[The meningococcal infection on Navy: modern clinical-and-epidemiological aspects].

The article presents the own data about modern clinical-and-epidemiological peculiarities of a meningococcal infection on Navy for 20 consecutive years (1982-2002) based on the analysis of the annual reports of fleet medical services and the inspection of 275 centers of a meningococcal infection in military troops. The centers with the single generalized form of a meningococcal infection prevailed. The centers with the number of people from 10 to 40 men amounted to 82%.

[Characterization of the foci of meningococcal infection in closed groups of males].

A total of 257 foci of meningococcal infection in groups of servicemen were selectively examined in 1982-2002. From these groups 353 patients with generalized forms of the disease underwent hospitalization. Most of the foci had a single infection, the proportion of foci with 10-40 patients was 82.

[The specific features of malaria clinical course debut in servicemen arrived in tropics from non-malariogenic regions].

The specific features of initial period of vivax and tropical malaria were defined with the help of clinical-and-laboratory methods in two groups of servicemen (70 persons in each group) differed by the period of stay in tropics. For comparison 30 similar patients, the tropics inhabitants, were investigated. In local inhabitants the course of all forms of malaria was rather mild with development of disease characteristic paroxysms in most of them.

[Problems of etiotropic therapy of typhoid fever and approaches to their solution].

The main problems of etiotropic therapy for typhoid fever lie in underestimate of the characteristic features of its pathogenesis and particularly in development of typhoid granulomas and their histogenesis, as well as in wide spread of typhoid fever pathogenic strains resistant to the routine chemotherapeutics, i.e. polyresistant strains.

[Efficacy of various antimicrobial agents in the treatment of epidemic typhoid fever].

During superepidemic of a typhoid fever in Tadjikistan the efficiency of application in clinics and of 14 antimicrobial agents representing almost all basic chemical classes was investigated. Remarkable variation of frequency and type of S. typhi resistance to these preparations up to epidemic and especially in its process was demonstrated.

[Changes in hemograms of patients with epidemic typhoid].

In typhoid epidemy in Tadjikistan we studied hemograms obtained in 200 patients and 100 healthy controls matched by age. Though hematological shifts are considered to be typical of typhoid, most of the patients had no hematological disorders despite their severe condition. Hemograms were normal in half of the patients at the height of typhoid while other patients often (40-43%) had accelerated ESR, uneosinophilia and left shift of immature neutrophils.

[Specific features of the typhoid fever epidemic process in organized collective].

During the chronic water epidemic of typhoid fever in Tajikistan in 1996-1997 specific features of the epidemic process dynamics in groups of servicemen were studied in several cities. The infective agent was proved to be transmitted by the alimentary route and through everyday contacts, the water route of transmission playing the most important role. The early clinical and epidemiological signs of the water outbreak of typhoid fever and the risk factors were established.

[Clinical aspects of typhoid fever epidemic in migrants].

Aim: To study clinical features of typhoid fever (TF) in migrants (subjects in military service in Tadjikistan).

Material And Methods: In chronic water epidemic TF symptoms were studied in 547 young soldiers and officers serving in Tadjikistan with incomplete biological and/or professional adaptation.

Results: In most cases TF onset was acute, the course was severe with fever and intoxication.

[Treatment of pseudotuberculosis in military personnel (scientific basis and practical recommendations)].

The efficiency of 22 schemes of etiotropic therapy including treatment courses of different duration and new methods was studied basing on the results of examination of 1376 patients and retrospective analysis of 2008 cases of pseudotuberculosis in servicemen. Critical review of literature dealing with this problem was conducted. The causes of contradictory literary data have been revealed.

[The medicosocial aspects of the adaptation of servicemen].

The peculiarities of servicemen' adaptation at biological, psychological and social levels under peace-time conditions and during the fighting in Chechen Republic were studied with the help of clinical and physiological, psychophysiological and psychosociological methods. The method of integral qualitative and semi-quantitative assessment of human adaptation is described. It is shown that the main stage of adaptation in servicemen lasts not less than 1 year.

[Respiratory system involvement in pseudotuberculosis].

Clinical, microbiological, x-ray and immunological examinations of 1376 patients with pseudotuberculosis and 465 patients with acute respiratory diseases of viral or coccal origin, the trends in annual morbidity for the above diseases followed up within 7 years in the populations where the patients were registered and experimental investigations on rabbits provided evidence for primarily generalized pattern of pseudotuberculosis infection and a direct relationship between pulmonary lesions in the animals and effective dose of the infectant, route of the infection. The patients had nonspecific (non-yersiniosis) lesions of the respiratory system. Frequency of the infection was greater in cold seasons, especially in those who did not complete social and biological adaptation to new conditions, and depended on seasonal fluctuations of respiratory infection morbidity in nonrandom populations.

[Operator function study by using a multipurpose digital test].

The article describes the new psychophysiological test, as well as the evaluation formulas and application methods. This test makes it possible to obtain information in the conditions of long cruise about the performance capabilities of seamen who went through infectious diseases in order to study their readaptation and rehabilitation process. Traditional tests of Landolt's rings or Anfimov's letters don't dispose these possibilities.

[The nature, frequency, specificity and duration of the retention of changes in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract in yersiniosis].

400 patients with yersiniosis, shigellosis, salmonellosis and abdominal typhoid were examined clinically, roentgenologically and using various instrument techniques for changes in the stomach and intestine. Yersiniosis and abdominal typhoid were characterized by dyskinesia of the small intestine and ileotyphlitis, Flexner's shigellosis by catarrhal-hemorrhagic proctosigmoiditis, Sonne salmonellosis and shigellosis by enteritis. Terminal ileitis occurred more frequently in yersiniosis patients in recurrence.

[The functional status and work capacity of convalescents after pseudotuberculosis].

The authors have studied the recovery process of functional state and performance capability in 887 convalescents after pseudotuberculosis. All the examinees were servicemen of male sex, age 18-23, without somatic or psychoneurological disorders. Clinical, biochemical, immunological and psychophysiological methods of examinations were applied.

[The basic features of the pathogenesis of pseudotuberculosis (yersiniosis)].

A new pathogenetic pattern of pseudotuberculosis has been derived on the basis of original clinical, anatomical and experimental findings as well as literature data. Careful consideration is given to: a basic mode of infection (alimentary), emergence of the primary affection with a rapid blood invasion by the agent (primary bacteremia), development of specific sensitization, multiorgan secondary focal impairment with lymphogenic dissemination of the infective agent (specific pseudotuberculous polyadenitis), formation of secondary immunodeficiency, consequent repeat bacteremias, recurrences, symptoms of infectious process aggravations, immunological rearrangement with dominating delayed hypersensitivity. As a rule, the disease terminated by elimination of the secondary foci and recovery.