Perioperative and periprocedural management of GLP-1 receptor-based agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors: narrative review and the STOP-GAP and STOP DKA-2 algorithms.

The GLP-1 receptor-based agonists (GLP-1RAs) and SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are major 21 century breakthroughs in diabetes and obesity medicine but there are important safety considerations regarding the perioperative and periprocedural management of individuals who are treated with these agents. GLP-1RAs have been linked to an increased risk of retained gastric contents and pulmonary aspiration while SGLT2i can be associated with diabetic ketoacidosis. This manuscript provides a narrative review of the available evidence for perioperative and periprocedural risks in people prescribed GLP-1RAs and SGLT2i.

Symbionts of Ciliates and Ciliates as Symbionts.

Endosymbiotic relationships between ciliates and others are critical for their ecological roles, physiological adaptations, and evolutionary implications. These can be obligate and facultative. Symbionts often provide essential nutrients, contribute to the ciliate's metabolism, aid in digestion, and offer protection against predators or environmental stressors.

A Comparative Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of Nimesulide/Paracetamol Fixed-Dose Combination With Other NSAIDs in Acute Pain Management: A Randomized, Prospective, Multicenter, Active-Controlled Study (the SAFE-2 Study).

Objective In this study, we aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of the fixed-dose combination (FDC) of nimesulide (100 mg) + paracetamol (325 mg) [NP], ketorolac (10 mg) [Kt] alone, diclofenac (50 mg) + paracetamol (325 mg) [DP], and aceclofenac (100 mg) + paracetamol (325 mg) [AP] in patients with acute painful conditions. Methods This was a randomized, prospective, open-label, multicentre, active-controlled study involving patients aged ≥18 years, with acute painful conditions like low back pain, acute musculoskeletal disorders, and trauma such as tendinitis, tenosynovitis, bursitis, sprains and strains, migraine, dental pain, painful dental procedures, and post-surgical pain. Reduction in pain intensity and liver, renal, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular safety were assessed on days seven and 14.

Insights into freshwater ciliate diversity through high throughput DNA metabarcoding.

The freshwater bodies of India are highly biodiverse but still understudied, especially concerning ciliates. Ciliates constitute a significant portion of eukaryotic diversity and play crucial roles in microbial loops, nutrient recycling, and ecosystem maintenance. The present study aimed to elucidate ciliate diversity in three freshwater sites in the Delhi region of India: Okhla Bird Sanctuary (OBS), Sanjay Lake (SL), and Raj Ghat pond (RJ).

Effects of Different Grades of Carbon Dioxide on Euthanasia of Mice ().

Carbon dioxide (CO) is a conditionally acceptable method for mouse euthanasia, according to the American Veterinary Medical Association Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals. In a 2012 Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW) webinar, representatives of OLAW, the USDA and AAALACi stated that different grades of CO, including nonpharmaceutical grades, are acceptable as long as the minimum purity is 99.0%.

Modified Two-Stage Approach for Management of Combined Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment and Choroidal Detachment With Extreme Hypotony.

Combined rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and serous choroidal detachment (CD) present a significant challenge. No global standard of care exists for treating these complex RRDs. There is a lower failure rate when such detachments are treated with pars plana vitrectomy than with scleral buckle alone.

REV-ERB activation as a novel pharmacological approach for treating inflammatory pain.

Pain is a complex problem affecting millions of people worldwide. The current therapies to reduce pain are limited as many treatment options inadequately address the causes of pain, lead to tolerance of the drug, or have adverse effects including abuse potential. While there are many causes of pain, one underlying mechanism to the pathogenesis and maintenance of pain conditions is chronic inflammation driven by the NLRP3 inflammasome.

Accelerating technical change through ICT: Evidence from a video-mediated extension experiment in Ethiopia.

Despite enthusiasm around applications of information and communications technologies (ICTs) to smallholder agriculture in many lower-income countries, there are still many questions on the effectiveness of ICT-based approaches. This study assesses the impacts of video-mediated agricultural extension service provision on farmers' adoption of improved agricultural technologies and practices in Ethiopia using data from a two-year randomized experiment. Our results show that the video-mediated extension approach significantly increases uptake of recommended technologies and practices by improving extension access and farmer knowledge.

Revealing stromal and lymphoid sources of -expression during inflammation using a novel reporter mouse.

One of the earliest signs of dysregulation of the homeostatic process of fibrosis, associated with pathology in chronic conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, is the overexpression of collagen type III (COL-3). Critically, there is still relatively little known regarding the identity of the cell types expressing the gene encoding COL-3 (). Identifying and characterizing -expressing cells during the development of fibrosis could reveal new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of fibrosis-related pathologies.

DNA barcoding, an effective tool for species identification: a review.

DNA barcoding is a powerful taxonomic tool to identify and discover species. DNA barcoding utilizes one or more standardized short DNA regions for taxon identification. With the emergence of new sequencing techniques, such as Next-generation sequencing (NGS), ONT MinION nanopore sequencing, and Pac Bio sequencing, DNA barcoding has become more accurate, fast, and reliable.

Microbial Journey: Mount Everest to Mars.

A rigorous exploration of microbial diversity has revealed its presence on Earth, deep oceans, and vast space. The presence of microbial life in diverse environmental conditions, ranging from moderate to extreme temperature, pH, salinity, oxygen, radiations, and altitudes, has provided the necessary impetus to search for them by extending the limits of their habitats. Microbiology started as a distinct science in the mid-nineteenth century and has provided inputs for the betterment of mankind during the last 150 years.

Structural insights into the human PA28-20S proteasome enabled by efficient tagging and purification of endogenous proteins.

The ability to produce folded and functional proteins is a necessity for structural biology and many other biological sciences. This task is particularly challenging for numerous biomedically important targets in human cells, including membrane proteins and large macromolecular assemblies, hampering mechanistic studies and drug development efforts. Here we describe a method combining CRISPR-Cas gene editing and fluorescence-activated cell sorting to rapidly tag and purify endogenous proteins in HEK cells for structural characterization.

Clinical profile and distribution of peripheral retinal changes in myopic population in a hospital-based study in North India.

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of different types of peripheral retinal changes in a myopic population in North India and correlate them with axial length.

Methods: This cross-sectional, hospital-based survey included 600 eyes of 300 myopic individuals, aged between 10 and 40 years, attending the outdoor ophthalmology clinic of a tertiary eye care hospital in North India were examined from July 2019 to July 2020. They were divided into mild, moderate, high, and severe myopia according to the spherical equivalent of refraction.

Molecular characterization and transcriptional modulation of stress-responsive genes under heavy metal stress in freshwater ciliate, Euplotes aediculatus.

Heavy metal pollutants in the environment are increasing exponentially due to various anthropogenic factors including mining, industrial and agricultural wastes. Living organisms exposed to heavy metals above a certain threshold level induces deleterious effects in these organisms. To live in such severe environments, microbes have developed a range of tolerance mechanisms which include upregulation of stress-responsive genes and/or antioxidant enzymes to detoxify the metal stress.

Short palate, lung, and nasal epithelial clone 1 (SPLUNC1) level determines steroid-resistant airway inflammation in aging.

Asthma and its heterogeneity change with age. Increased airspace neutrophil numbers contribute to severe steroid-resistant asthma exacerbation in the elderly, which correlates with the changes seen in adults with asthma. However, whether that resembles the same disease mechanism and pathophysiology in aged and adults is poorly understood.

Irg1/itaconate metabolic pathway is a crucial determinant of dendritic cells immune-priming function and contributes to resolute allergen-induced airway inflammation.

Itaconate is produced from the mitochondrial TCA cycle enzyme aconitase decarboxylase (encoded by immune responsive gene1; Irg1) that exerts immunomodulatory function in myeloid cells. However, the role of the Irg1/itaconate pathway in dendritic cells (DC)-mediated airway inflammation and adaptive immunity to inhaled allergens, which are the primary antigen-presenting cells in allergic asthma, remains largely unknown. House dust mite (HDM)-challenged Irg1 mice displayed increases in eosinophilic airway inflammation, mucous cell metaplasia, and Th2 cytokine production with a mechanism involving impaired mite antigen presentations by DC.

Timing of Invasive Mechanical Ventilation and Mortality among Patients with Severe COVID-19-associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Background: Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) (CARDS) pneumonitis presents a clinical challenge as regards to the timing of intubation and ambiguity of outcome. There is a lack of clear consensus on when to switch patients from trials of noninvasive therapies to invasive mechanical ventilation. We investigated the effect of the timing of intubation from the time of admission on the clinical outcome of CARDS.

Kinase-mediated RAS signaling via membraneless cytoplasmic protein granules.

Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-mediated activation of downstream effector pathways such as the RAS GTPase/MAP kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade is thought to occur exclusively from lipid membrane compartments in mammalian cells. Here, we uncover a membraneless, protein granule-based subcellular structure that can organize RTK/RAS/MAPK signaling in cancer. Chimeric (fusion) oncoproteins involving certain RTKs including ALK and RET undergo de novo higher-order assembly into membraneless cytoplasmic protein granules that actively signal.

Versatile Labeling and Detection of Endogenous Proteins Using Tag-Assisted Split Enzyme Complementation.

Recent advances in genome engineering have expanded our capabilities to study proteins in their natural states. In particular, the ease and scalability of knocking-in small peptide tags has enabled high throughput tagging and analysis of endogenous proteins. To improve enrichment capacities and expand the functionality of knock-ins using short tags, we developed the tag-assisted split enzyme complementation (TASEC) approach, which uses two orthogonal small peptide tags and their cognate binders to conditionally drive complementation of a split enzyme upon labeled protein expression.

Characterization of Euplotes lynni nov. spec., E. indica nov. spec. and description of E. aediculatus and E. woodruffi (Ciliophora, Euplotidae) using an integrative approach.

Four species belonging to the genus Euplotes have been investigated, namely: E. lynni nov. spec.

Central retinal vein occlusion with COVID-19 infection as the presumptive etiology.

Thromboembolic phenomenon related to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been well documented in literature; however, reported ocular manifestations of COVID-19 are limited to vision sparing ocular conditions like conjunctivitis. We report a case of a 17-year-old female who presented to us with central retinal vein occlusion with proven recent past COVID-19 infection as presumed etiology which was not known to her at the time of presentation.

Practitioner Engagement in Activities of the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network (PBRN): 7-Year Results.

Purpose: To 1) quantify practitioner activities of the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network (Network) for which Continuing Education (CE) credits were received (study training, videos, webinars, meetings, and symposia); 2) quantify practitioner coauthoring Network publications and presentations; and 3) test whether practitioner characteristics were associated with participation in these activities.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 4361 practitioners who enrolled in the Network between April 12, 2012 and October 12, 2018.

Results: Overall, 59% (n = 2586) of practitioners earned CE credit from the Network; among these, 68% (n = 1757) from a video, 38% (n = 993) attended an annual Network meeting, 31% (n = 798) due to training for a Network clinical study, 9% (n = 226) attended a national symposium, and 7% (n = 170) participated in a Network webinar.

Indicators for assessment of soil quality: a mini-review.

Soil quality is the competence of soil to perform necessary functions that are able to maintain animal and plant productivity of the soil. Soil consists of various physical, chemical, and biological parameters, and all these parameters are involved in the critical functioning of soil. There is a need for continuous assessment of soil quality as soil is a complex and dynamic constituent of Earth's biosphere that is continuously changing by natural and anthropogenic disturbances.

Development of a hub and spoke model for quality improvement in rural and urban healthcare settings in India: a pilot study.

Objective: Hub and spoke model has been used across industries to augment peripheral services by centralising key resources. This exercise evaluated the feasibility of whether such a model can be developed and implemented for quality improvement across rural and urban settings in India with support from a network for quality improvement.

Methods: This model was implemented using support from the state and district administration.

Pyruvate kinase M2 in lung APCs regulates Alternaria-induced airway inflammation.

Sensitivity to allergenic fungi (Alternaria alternata) is associated with acute, severe asthma attacks. Antigen presenting cells (APCs) in the lung sense environmental perturbations that induce cellular stress and metabolic changes and are critical for allergic airway inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying such environmental sensing by APCs in the lung remains unclear.