Rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms in children and adolescents with asthma: Longitudinal clustering analysis.

Background: Rhinoconjunctivitis phenotypes are conventionally described on the basis of symptom severity, duration and seasonality, and aeroallergen sensitization. It is not known whether these phenotypes fully reflect the patterns of symptoms seen at a population level.

Objective: We sought to identify phenotypes of rhinoconjunctivitis on the basis of symptom intensity and seasonality using an unbiased approach and to compare their characteristics.

Ultrasonography-guided corticosteroid injection in the coracohumeral ligament in patients with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: a double-blinded, sham-controlled randomized study.

Background: Contracture and thickening of the coracohumeral ligament (CHL) occur in patients with adhesive capsulitis. This adversely affects the movement and function of the shoulder joint. There is limited evidence that explores the effectiveness of an isolated steroid injection into the CHL in combination with physical therapy.

Dupilumab Reduces Urticaria Activity, Itch, and Hives in Patients with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria Regardless of Baseline Serum Immunoglobulin E Levels.

Introduction: In chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 may promote mast cell activation directly via IL-4 receptor expression, or indirectly via upregulated immunoglobulin E (IgE) production. Dupilumab significantly improved CSU signs and symptoms in the phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled LIBERTY-CSU CUPID Study A. This analysis explores the impact of dupilumab on CSU signs and symptoms and serum IgE levels in patients from LIBERTY-CSU CUPID Study A with serum total IgE above and below 100 IU/mL at baseline.

Dysregulated specific IgE production to bystander foods in children with peanut allergy but not egg allergy.

Background: Food specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) levels are associated with the development of allergic responses and are used in the clinical evaluation of food allergy. Food sIgG4 levels have been associated with tolerance or clinical nonresponsiveness, particularly in interventional studies.

Objective: We aimed to characterize food-specific antibody responses and compare responses with different foods in food allergy.

Legume and sesame oral food challenge outcomes.

Background: Legume and sesame are emerging food allergens. The utility of specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) testing to predict clinical reactivity to these allergens is not well described.

Objective: To describe clinical outcomes and sIgE in sesame and legume oral food challenges (OFC).

Home and school pollutant exposure, respiratory outcomes, and influence of historical redlining.

Background: The discriminatory and racist policy of historical redlining in the United States during the 1930s played a role in perpetuating contemporary environmental health disparities.

Objective: Our objectives were to determine associations between home and school pollutant exposure (fine particulate matter [PM], NO) and respiratory outcomes (Composite Asthma Severity Index, lung function) among school-aged children with asthma and examine whether associations differed between children who resided and/or attended school in historically redlined compared to non-redlined neighborhoods.

Methods: Children ages 6 to 17 with moderate-to-severe asthma (N = 240) from 9 US cities were included.

Responder analysis using clinically meaningful thresholds: Post hoc analyses from randomized dupilumab clinical trials in patients with prurigo nodularis.

Background: Prurigo nodularis (PN) is an intensely pruritic disease characterized by itchy nodules on the trunk/extremities; it is often accompanied by skin pain and sleep disruption with negative impacts on the quality of life (QoL). The patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments, Worst Itch-Numeric Rating Scale (WI-NRS), Skin Pain-NRS, Sleep-NRS and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) have been psychometrically validated and the clinically meaningful within-patient improvement thresholds (responder definition) have been established through data pooled from the two Phase-3 trials (PRIME, NCT04183335 and PRIME2, NCT04202679) of dupilumab in adults with PN uncontrolled on topical therapies.

Objectives: To estimate the proportion of dupilumab-treated patients (vs.

Varying Doses of Epicutaneous Immunotherapy With Viaskin Milk vs Placebo in Children With Cow's Milk Allergy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: No approved treatment exists for allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated cow's milk allergy (CMA), a common childhood food allergy.

Objective: To assess dose, efficacy, and safety of epicutaneous immunotherapy with Viaskin milk in children with IgE-mediated CMA.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A phase 1/2, 2-part, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-ranging clinical trial in children aged 2 to 17 years with IgE-mediated CMA was conducted between November 2014 through December 2017.

Transfersomes: Recent Advances, Mechanisms, Exhaustive Applications, Clinical Trials, and Patents.

A feasible nano transdermal delivery system generally intends to have specific ideal and distinct characteristics primarily for safety, clinical efficacy, and boosted therapeutic index. The delivery of drugs, particularly macromolecules, across the skin is one of the most strenuous obstacles in front of pharmaceutical scientists. Technology advancement has provided some opportunities to overcome this difficulty by utilising microneedle arrays, ablation, laser methods etc.

Role of Nanoformulations in the Treatment of Lung Cancer.

Lung cancer is the second deadliest disease in the world. A major portion of deaths related to cancer are due to lung cancer in both males and females. Interestingly, unbelievable advances have occurred in recent years through the use of nanotechnology and development in both the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.

Nano-based therapeutics for Rheumatoid arthritis: Recent patents and development.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease marked by inflammation of synovium and generation of autoantibodies. Bone and cartilage are frequently damaged along with weakening of tendons and ligaments resulting in disability. An effective RA treatment needs a multi-disciplinary approach which relies upon pathophysiology that is still partially understood.

Reliability and Concurrent Validity of Smartphone Clinometer Application for Measuring Scapular Rotations in Subjects With and Without Shoulder Pain.

Context:   Clinical assessment of scapular motion is obscured by a lack of clinically accessible and feasible angular measurement tools. This study evaluates the reliability and validity of the smartphone "Clinometer" app in measuring scapular upward rotation (UR) and anteroposterior tilt.

Design: Psychometric analysis.

Phase 3 Trial of Epicutaneous Immunotherapy in Toddlers with Peanut Allergy.

Background: No approved treatment for peanut allergy exists for children younger than 4 years of age, and the efficacy and safety of epicutaneous immunotherapy with a peanut patch in toddlers with peanut allergy are unknown.

Methods: We conducted this phase 3, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving children 1 to 3 years of age with peanut allergy confirmed by a double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge. Patients who had an eliciting dose (the dose necessary to elicit an allergic reaction) of 300 mg or less of peanut protein were assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive epicutaneous immunotherapy delivered by means of a peanut patch (intervention group) or to receive placebo administered daily for 12 months.

Accelerating Food Allergy Research: Need for a Data Commons.

Food allergy is a significant health problem affecting approximately 8% of children and 11% of adults in the United States. It exhibits all the characteristics of a "complex" genetic trait; therefore, it is necessary to look at very large numbers of patients, far more than exist at any single organization, to eliminate gaps in the current understanding of this complex chronic disorder. Advances may be achieved by bringing together food allergy data from large numbers of patients into a Data Commons, a secure and efficient platform for researchers, comprising standardized data, available in a common interface for download and/or analysis, in accordance with the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) principles.

Multi-omic association study identifies DNA methylation-mediated genotype and smoking exposure effects on lung function in children living in urban settings.

Impaired lung function in early life is associated with the subsequent development of chronic respiratory disease. Most genetic associations with lung function have been identified in adults of European descent and therefore may not represent those most relevant to pediatric populations and populations of different ancestries. In this study, we performed genome-wide association analyses of lung function in a multiethnic cohort of children (n = 1,035) living in low-income urban neighborhoods.

African-specific alleles modify risk for asthma at the 17q12-q21 locus in African Americans.

Background: Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children, occurring at higher frequencies and with more severe disease in children with African ancestry.

Methods: We tested for association with haplotypes at the most replicated and significant childhood-onset asthma locus at 17q12-q21 and asthma in European American and African American children. Following this, we used whole-genome sequencing data from 1060 African American and 100 European American individuals to identify novel variants on a high-risk African American-specific haplotype.

Mepolizumab for urban children with exacerbation-prone eosinophilic asthma in the USA (MUPPITS-2): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial.

Background: Black and Hispanic children living in urban environments in the USA have an excess burden of morbidity and mortality from asthma. Therapies directed at the eosinophilic phenotype reduce asthma exacerbations in adults, but few data are available in children and diverse populations. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms that underlie exacerbations either being prevented by, or persisting despite, immune-based therapies are not well understood.