Impact of fall armyworm () (J.E. Smith) on small-scale maize farmers and its control strategies in the Limpopo province, South Africa.

South Africa experienced major outbreaks of fall armyworm () (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), causing direct damage by feeding on both vegetative and reproductive parts of host plant.

Mortality analysis of people with severe mental illness transferred from long-stay hospital to alternative care in the Life Esidimeni tragedy.

A mortality analysis of the Life Esidimeni tragedy was precluded during the investigation by the Health Ombud by the lack of data integrity. Information on the mental healthcare users (MHCUs) transferred out of Life Esidimeni hospitals between October 2015 and June 2016 was subsequently collected by the Gauteng Department of Health, permitting statistical analysis. Survival rates were calculated according to gender and transfer destination and adjusted for patient age.

The effect of maternal characteristics and gestational diabetes on birthweight.

Objective: To examine the effect of maternal characteristics, including advancing maternal age, body mass index (BMI), racial origin and development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), on birthweight and the interactions between these factors.

Design: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.

Setting: Fifteen maternity units in North West London, between 1988 and 2000.

First-trimester maternal serum vitamin D and mode of delivery.

Low maternal vitamin D levels have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. A recent study has suggested that low maternal vitamin D levels at the time of delivery are also associated with an almost fourfold increase in caesarean section risk. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether there is a difference in maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels at 11-13 weeks' gestation according to the mode of delivery.

An analysis of the interrelationship between maternal age, body mass index and racial origin in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To examine the individual association between advancing maternal age, body mass index (BMI) and racial origin with the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the interaction between these factors.

Design: Retrospective study.

Setting: Fifteen maternity units in northwest London between 1988 and 2000.

First-trimester circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and development of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To investigate the association between first-trimester maternal serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) as measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Research Design And Methods: We conducted a case-control study involving 248 women in the first-trimester of pregnancy, 90 of whom developed GDM and 158 remained normoglycemic.

Results: Although booking 25-OH-D levels correlated negatively with 2-h glucose post-oral glucose tolerance test and positively with HDL cholesterol, as well as with ethnicity, obesity, and smoking (all P < 0.

First-trimester prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus: examining the potential of combining maternal characteristics and laboratory measures.

Objective: Predictors of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have been widely studied, but few studies have considered multiple measures. Our objective was to integrate several potential GDM predictors with consideration to both simple and novel measures and to determine the extent to which GDM can be predicted in the first trimester.

Research Design And Methods: We identified first-trimester maternal samples from 124 women who developed GDM and 248 control subjects who did not.

Medicine. The need for a global HIV vaccine enterprise.

A new collaborative model of research is needed to increase resources, to prioritize the R (ii) to increase the pace, reduce the overlap, and more systematically explore the elements of and delivery systems for vaccines; (iii) to use common standards for the prompt comparative testing of vaccine candidates; (iv) to expand resources for manufacturing vaccine candidates to speed their use in human trials; and (v) to increase the capacity for international clinical trials and to focus this effort toward quickly measuring the effectiveness of vaccine protection as prototype vaccine candidates are identified.

Politics, the media and science in HIV/AIDS: the peril of pseudoscience.

The microchip, the computer and the DNA revolution have brought the questions of ethics, counselling and equitable research to the fore. The new world order is a world of: equity; human rights; human dignity; the alleviation of poverty; closing the gap between the "haves and have nots". The social and economic impact and implications of these have opened a new dialogue between the professions and the laypersons in order to address matters of rights, ethics and power relationships in health research that is unprecedented in history.

The interaction of CGRP and adrenomedullin with a receptor expressed in the rat pulmonary vascular endothelium.

An abundant, seven trans-membrane domain receptor related to the calcitonin receptor has been studied by a number of groups without identification of its ligand. A recent report claimed that the receptor was a type 1 CGRP receptor (Aiyar et al J. Biol.

Immunological similarity between the 170 kD amoebic adherence glycoprotein and human beta 2 integrins.

Amoebiasis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Virulence of Entamoeba histolytica depends on the trophozoite's being able to bind to colonic epithelium; binding is mediated by the 170 kD subunit of a 260 kD lectin. We found, by microcytofluorometry and western blotting studies, that this 170 kD subunit protein shares an epitope with human beta 2 integrins--a subfamily of cell-surface glycoproteins expressed exclusively on leucocytes and involved in many adhesive and signalling interactions.