Pregnancy and Fertility Trends Among Female Otolaryngologists.

Objective: This study sought to determine childbearing patterns and decision making among female otolaryngologists.

Study Design: Anonymous survey.

Setting: An anonymous survey was sent in 2020 to female otolaryngologists identified through their membership with the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

Overnight sleep benefits both neutral and negative direct associative and relational memory.

Strong evidence suggests that sleep plays a role in memory consolidation, which involves both stabilizing memory into long-term storage as well as integrating new information into existing stores. The current study investigated consolidation, across a day of wakefulness or night of sleep, of emotional and neutral directly learned visual paired associates (A-B/B-C pairs) as well as formation of memory for relational pairs formed via overlapping learned components (A-C pairs). Participants learned 40 negative and 40 neutral face-object pairs followed by a baseline test in session 1 either in the morning or evening.