Oral contraceptive use, bone mineral density, and bone turnover markers over 12 months in college-aged females.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers between combined oral contraceptive (COC) and non-COC users over 12 months.

Materials And Methods: COC users (n = 34, age = 19.2 ± 0.

The finances of a liver transplant program.

Purpose Of Review: The current review provides an overarching examination of liver transplant finances and factors contributing to cost of care.

Recent Findings: Transplant hospitals must seek to optimize areas of revenue and cut costs as the cost of transplantation continues to rise and public policies strain reimbursement.

Summary: Transplantation remains a complicated multipayor system that requires focused attention and care.

Quality Improvement in Transfusion Practice of Orthotopic Liver Transplantation Reduces Blood Utilization, Length of Hospital Stay, and Cost.

Objectives: Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) can require substantial usage of blood products. Higher rates of transfusion have been associated with increased length of hospital stay, higher rates of infection, graft failure, and mortality. This study was a retrospective analysis to assess the impact of quality improvement interventions in OLT.