Magnetic responses of the human auditory cortex to noise/square wave transitions.

We recorded evoked magnetic fields from the human auditory cortex to noise/square wave sequences. Two prominent deflections were observed: one 100 msec after the noise onset (N100m) and another 100 msec after the noise/square wave transition (N100m'). The amplitude of N100m' increased with decrease in square wave frequency from 2 kHz to 0.

Modification of neuromagnetic responses of the human auditory cortex by masking sounds.

We have studied the effects of masking sounds on auditory evoked magnetic fields (AEFs) of healthy humans. The AEFs were elicited by 25-ms tones presented randomly to the left or to the right ear, and the responses were recorded over the right auditory cortex. Without masking, the 100-ms deflection (N100m) was of somewhat higher amplitude and of shorter latency for contra- than ipsilateral stimuli.

Cortical origin of middle-latency auditory evoked responses in man.

We have recorded middle-latency magnetic evoked responses to 50-ms noise bursts, presented once every 0.9 s, over the right hemisphere of healthy humans. The measurements were carried out with a sensitive 7-channel SQUID gradiometer with a passband of 0.

Surgical treatment of intestinal radiation injury.

A review of 43 consecutive patients requiring operation for serious intestinal radiation injury was undertaken to elucidate the efficacy of surgical treatment. The most common site of radiation injury was the rectum (19 cases), followed by the small bowel (13 cases), the colon (7 cases), and the combination of these (4 cases). The overall operative mortality was 14%; morbidity, 47%; and the postoperative symptom-free period, 18 +/- 30 months.

Evidence for cortical origin of the 40 Hz auditory evoked response in man.

We have recorded cerebral magnetic fields to trains of 40 Hz clicks in 6 subjects to study the neural generators of the 40 Hz auditory evoked response (AER). The largest deflection, N100m (magnetic counterpart of the electric N100), was preceded by a low voltage P40m and followed by P200m. A sustained field, SF, was seen at 300-500 msec.

Cortical activity evoked by a multichannel cochlear prosthesis.

We have recorded electric potentials and neuromagnetic fields evoked by electric stimulation of the auditory nerve in a totally deaf patient with an implanted multichannel prosthesis. The evoked electric responses were a vertex-negative deflection at about 70 ms after stimulus onset and a vertex-positive deflection at about 180 ms. Evoked magnetic responses coinciding with the vertex potential were found in the right hemisphere, ipsilateral to the stimulated ear.

Different analysis of frequency and amplitude modulations of a continuous tone in the human auditory cortex: a neuromagnetic study.

We have measured auditory evoked magnetic fields to intermittent frequency and amplitude modulations (FMs and AMs) of a continuous tone in 6 healthy humans. The stimuli were presented in pairs separated by 500 ms in four different combinations (FM-AM, FM-FM, AM-FM and AM-AM). Both modulations elicited neuromagnetic responses of similar waveforms: the largest deflection, N100m (magnetic counterpart of the electric N100), was preceded by a low amplitude P60m and followed by P200m.

Neuromagnetic responses of the human auditory cortex to on- and offsets of noise bursts.

Cortical sources of neuromagnetic responses to noise bursts were compared in 7 healthy humans. The earliest response, P40m, peaking about 40 ms after the stimulus onset, was followed by a prominent deflection in the opposite direction at about 100 ms (N100m) and by another peak at 200 ms (P200m). A sustained field, seen near the end of the 400- to 550-ms stimuli, ended with an off-response of the same polarity as N100m.

Coordinated regulation of type I and type III collagen production and mRNA levels of pro alpha 1(I) and pro alpha 2(I) collagen in cultured morphea fibroblasts.

Fibroblast cultures were started from affected and unaffected skin areas of six patients with localized scleroderma in an active stage. The cell lines were studied for synthesis of procollagens and fibronectin by metabolic labeling with 3H-proline and for their contents of mRNAs for pro alpha 1(I) and pro alpha 2(I) collagen. For this purpose a cDNA clone for human pro alpha 1(I) collagen mRNA was constructed.

Palliative surgery for intestinal complications of advanced, recurrent gynaecologic malignancy.

A review of 45 consecutive patients who underwent operation for intestinal complications of recurrent gynaecologic cancer was undertaken to elucidate the efficacy of surgical treatment. The primary tumour was ovarian in 26 cases, endometrial in ten and cervical in nine cases. The overall operative mortality was 20%, morbidity 44%, and median survival time and postoperative symptom-free period 5 months and 3 months, respectively.

Activation of the auditory cortex by cochlear stimulation in a deaf patient.

We have recorded cerebral electric and magnetic responses to electric stimulation of the auditory nerve in a deaf patient with multichannel cochlear prosthesis. The electric response peaked with a vertex-negative deflection at 65 ms. Clear magnetic responses, coinciding with the vertex potential, were obtained only over the hemisphere ipsilateral to the stimulation; the field pattern indicated activation of the auditory cortex within the Sylvian fissure.

Effect of alpha-adrenoceptor blockade on sleep and wakefulness in the rat.

Three alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists with different subtype selectivity were administered IP at the beginning of the light period of the illumination cycle to rats whose sleep-wake pattern was subsequently recorded for 12 hours. Yohimbine (1 mg/kg) initially increased active wakefulness but did not affect REM sleep. Phentolamine (10 mg/kg) and prazosin (0.

Reoperation for colorectal cancer.

In a retrospective study, the results of reoperation for colorectal cancer were evaluated in 43 consecutive cases. The overall postoperative mortality was 9% and the morbidity 47%. The mean survival time was 20 +/- 23 months, median 14 months.

Surgery for recurrent intra-abdominal cancer.

A review of 185 patients who developed recurrent intra-abdominal cancer has been undertaken to compare the results after emergency (41 patients) and elective (144 patients) surgery. The overall postoperative mortality was 19% and morbidity 45%. The mean survival was 13 +/- 20 months, median 7 months and cumulative 5-year survival 5%.

Type I collagen messenger RNA levels in experimental granulation tissue and silicosis in rats.

A complementary DNA (cDNA) clone was constructed for chick pro alpha 2(I) collagen mRNA. This and previously constructed cDNA clones for chick and human pro alpha 1(I) collagen mRNAs were used to measure levels of type I procollagen messenger RNAs in two experimental models: viscose cellulose sponge-induced experimental granulation tissue and silica-induced experimental lung fibrosis in rats. Both Northern RNA blot and RNA dot hybridizations were used to quantitate procollagen mRNAs during formation of granulation tissue.

Neuromagnetic responses to frequency modulation of a continuous tone.

Neuromagnetic responses to frequency modulation of a continuous tone were studied in nine subjects. The latencies of the transient responses increased and the amplitudes decreased with decreasing speed of modulation. The equivalent dipoles for modulation of a 1,000 Hz tone were slightly but statistically significantly anterior to the dipoles activated by modulation of a 500 Hz tone.

Evidence for the involvement of alpha-2 adrenoceptors in the sedation but not REM sleep inhibition by clonidine in the rat.

Rats with implanted electrodes for recording of EEG and EMG underwent 12-h recordings during the light period starting after i.p. injections of clonidine (0.

Construction and identification of a cDNA clone for human type II procollagen mRNA.

Double-stranded cDNA was constructed for poly(A)-containing RNA isolated from foetal human articular cartilage known to contain small amounts of pro alpha 1 (II) collagen mRNA. A 585 base pair PstI-EcoRI cDNA fragment was isolated and cloned into plasmid pBR322. A resulting recombinant plasmid pHCAR1 was shown to hybridize specifically to a 5.

Activation of type I collagen genes in cultured scleroderma fibroblasts.

Fibroblasts cultured from affected skin areas of five patients with cutaneous scleroderma were found to produce increased amounts of collagen when compared with nonaffected control cells. Total RNA was isolated from the cultures and analyzed for its level of pro alpha 1 (I)collagen mRNA by hybridization of RNA blots with a cloned cDNA probe. The levels of pro alpha 1 (I)collagen mRNAs relative to total RNA were two- to sixfold higher in the samples from affected cells, accounting for the increased synthesis of type I collagen.

Rationale of reoperation for gastric malignancies.

The aim of this retrospective study was to elucidate the role and rationale of reoperation for tumour recurrence in 47 consecutive patients operated on for gastric cancer. The overall operative mortality was 26%, morbidity 45%, mean and median survivals 14 +/- 25 and 5 months, respectively postoperative symptom free period 8 +/- 23 months, and cumulative 5-year survival 8 +/- 3%. Bypass procedures and resection carried the lowest mortality, 7% and 20%, respectively whereas the corresponding percentages after colostomy, exploratory laparotomy and jejunostomy were 33%, 40% and 50%.

Flunitrazepam as an induction agent in children. A clinical and pharmacokinetic study.

Flunitrazepam was studied as an induction agent in paediatric patients. The onset of action was slow and its efficacy uncertain following single doses of 0.03 mg kg-1(n = 4), or 0.

Postoperative intervertebral discitis.

Discitis is a rare complication of disc operation. During a 10-year-period 1100 patients were operated for lumbar disc herniation and only eight patients developed postoperative discitis. The symptoms began 3 weeks after the operation and the most prominent clinical feature was back pain with muscle spasm.

Water and electrolyte balance in male mink (Mustela vison) on varying dietary NaCl intake.

The effect of a ten-day dietary sodium load on the fluid balance of mink was studied by adding to the food NaCl 0.5, 1 or 2% of the wet weight. The basic diet without salt addition contained sodium corresponding to 0.