Methods for tissue perfusion assessment after Dellon decompression of tarsal tunnels in diabetic neuropathy: key to effective management-a narrative review.

Background And Objective: Diabetic neuropathy significantly elevates the risk of foot ulceration and lower-limb amputation, underscoring the need for precise assessment of tissue perfusion to optimize management. This narrative review explores the intricate relationship between sympathetic nerves and tissue perfusion in diabetic neuropathy, highlighting the important role of autonomic neuropathy in blood flow dynamics and subsequent compromises in tissue perfusion. The consequences extend to the development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and related foot complications.

The Current State of Nuclear Nephrology in Modern Medicine.

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the most reliable parameter of renal function. Regarding the complexity of the gold standard inulin clearance, different estimating equations have been developed with CKD-EPI creatinine equation recommended as the most reliable one. In some clinical situations where creatinine based equations might not be valid, alternative methods are needed.

Comparative analysis of different nuclear medicine techniques in evaluation of renal function.

Introduction: Nuclear medicine (NM) methods play an important role in the evaluation of renal function in a wide range of clinical indications. The aim of our study was to evaluate the correlation between measured GFR (mGFR) obtained by the three-plasma sample slope-intercept NM method (TPSM) - reference method vs. estimated GFR (eGFR) using Fleming's single plasma sample method (SPSM) at 120 min, 180 min, and 240 min and correlation of reference method with eGFR with camera-based Gates' protocol.

Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia in a Six-year-Old Boy.

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a rare congenital benign bone disease that manifests as a defect in the bone remodeling process, affecting the function, differentiation, and maturation of osteoblasts. This process is located in the bone marrow, where the normal marrow tissue is replaced with immature bone islands and fibrous stroma. The etiology is unclear so far, but it is known to be connected with a point mutation of the gene that encodes Gs α protein at the time of embryogenesis, and because of that, all of the affected somatic cells become dysplastic.

The usefulness of [99mTc]MIBI scintigraphy in the diagnostic algorithm of ultrasonographical suspected thyroid nodules by using EU-TIRADS criteria.

Background: Although not yet involved in the algorithm of thyroid nodules, 99mTc-methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile ([99mTc]MIBI) scintigraphy may help in the individual diagnostic workup of a thyroid patient, especially where indeterminate fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is present. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of [99mTc]MIBI thyroid scintigraphy in the diagnostic algorithm of thyroid nodules, particularly in ultrasound EU-TIRADS 4 or 5 lesions, that cytologically were either indeterminate or benign.

Material And M: ETHODS: A retrospective randomized study, including 42 thyroid patients, with mean age 47 ± 17 years, was conducted.

Ultrasound features and preoperative accuracy of the fine needle aspiration biopsy in detection of thyroid carcinomas.

Objective: To analyze the ultrasound (US) characteristics and fine needle biopsy (FNAB) of thyroid carcinomas (TCs) prior to surgery and compare with postoperative histopathology and to determine FNAB sensitivity and specificity.

Material And Methods: Retrospective analysis of the US data during 1999-2015 was performed, as well as analysis of FNAB results and using histopathology report as "gold standard" the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of this method was evaluated.

Results: Data revealed that tumors >51 mm were declining by 50% in the period 2011-2015 compared to 2005-2010 or by 18% 2011-2015 compared to 1999-2004 and significant increase was detected in diagnosis of multicentric tumors.

Epidemiology of Thyroid Carcinomas in North Macedonia (1999-2015).

Objective: We have set as objective to analyze epidemiological data of diagnosed thyroid carcinoma (TC) cases, incidence and prevalence rate by gender, age, histopathological type, and statistical regions in R. of N. Macedonia during the period 1999 to 2015.

Solitary metastatic deposit in the mandible from follicular thyroid carcinoma.

Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) is the second most common cancer of the thyroid, after papillary carcinoma. Oral metastasis arising from FTC is very rare. Mandible is more commonly affected than maxilla, with the premolar-molar region being the most frequent site of metastasis.

FALSE POSITIVE RADIOIODINE POST-ABLATION SCAN IN SCALP REGION IN A WOMAN WHO USED HAIR COLORING REVEALED BY SPECT/CT.

Objective: Radioiodine ablation with iodine-131 is a standard therapeutic procedure for patients diagnosed with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). We present a contamination artifact on whole-body scan (WBS), after radioiodine ablation due to papillary thyroid carcinoma. The hybrid imaging resolved the question of metastasis versus contamination.

Prognostic factors in thyroid carcinomas: a 17-year outcome study.

Objectives The aim of our study was to evaluate the survival rate of all thyroid carcinomas (TCs) diagnosed in the 1999-2015 period in the Republic of North Macedonia and to analyze the prognostic influence of several characteristics on development of distant metastases, as well as to analyze the prognostic effect of seven clinical and constitutional features on mortality. Material and methods A retrospective analysis of medical data from all TCs diagnosed in 1999-2015 was performed. The survival rate of all types of TCs was estimated using the Kaplan Meier method.

Demographic and Clinical Features of Thyroid Carcinomas in Republic of Macedonia (1999-2010).

Background: Thyroid carcinomas (TC) are the most common endocrine malignancies. In some parts of the world, the incidence of TCs has increased over the past few decades, especially in females according to some studies.

Aim: We have set as the objective for our study to analyse the demographic, ultrasound features, thyroid hormonal status and frequency of thyroid carcinomas in the Republic of Macedonia according to histopathological type.

Etiopathogenesis of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinomas.

Introduction: Thyroid malignomas are a heterogeneous group of neoplasm consisting of most frequent differentiated encountered carcinomas, papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma, then medullary thyroid carcinoma originating from neuroendocrine calcitonin-producing C-cells and rare forms of thyroid lymphomas arising from intrathyroidal lymphatic tissue, thyroid sarcomas and poorly differentiated anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. There are increasing numbers of epidemiological studies and publications that have suggested increased incidence rate of thyroid carcinomas. We have read, analysed and compare available reviews and original articles investigating different etiological factors in the development of thyroid carcinomas through Google Scholar and PubMed Database.

Dementia and depression in older adults: a southeast European perspective: summary of a dementia psychogeriatric symposium held in Ohrid, Macedonia, 23 May 2013.

We present a report on the recent symposium on dementia and depression in older adults, held in Ohrid, Macedonia and discuss the urgent need for development of psychogeriatric and affiliated services in the Southeast European region. The limited epidemiological data from nine countries in this region suggest high variability of prevalence rates for mental health problems in older adults (>65 years of age). At the moment, there are over 520,000 older adults in the region living with dementia alone.