Does foreign aid affect innovation and institutional quality in middle-income countries?

In this study, we explore the dynamics between innovation, institutional quality, and foreign-aid flows in middle-income countries. Using an appropriate econometric model, we investigate the links between these variables in 79 middle-income countries (MICs) over 2005-2020. The results from our study show that foreign aid, institutional quality, and innovation have strong endogenous relationships.

Interface between energy consumption, CO emissions, economic growth, and macroeconomic openness in financial action task force countries through the lens of a causality approach.

There is strong scientific evidence to suggest that carbon dioxide (CO) emissions are one of the key drivers of global warming. Rising CO emissions across the globe have been traced back to increasing global trade and rapid industrial development powered by fossil fuels. High CO emissions have had an adverse effect on the quality of life and economic growth of communities across the globe.