Acute Liver Failure Caused by Isoniazid during Preventive Treatment for Latent Tuberculosis: A Rare Autopsy Case Report.

Treating patients with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) to prevent the development of tuberculosis is a fundamental treatment strategy in daily practice. Isoniazid (INH) therapy for 6-12 months is recommended. However, INH can also cause hepatotoxicity.

Gate-Controlled Potassium Intercalation and Superconductivity in Molybdenum Disulfide.

Intercalation of guest ions into a van der Waals (vdW) gap in layered materials is a powerful route to create novel material phases and functionalities. Ionic gating is a technique to control the motions and configuration of ions for both intercalation and surface electrostatic doping. The advance of ionic gating enables the probe of dynamics of ion diffusion, carrier doping, and transport properties.

Resonant tunneling in a colloidal CdS semiconductor quantum-dot single-electron transistor based on heteroepitaxial-spherical Au/Pt nanogap electrodes.

Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have unique discrete energy levels determined by the particle size and material. Therefore, they have potential applications as novel optical and electronic devices. Among those, colloidal group II-VI semiconductor quantum dots stand out for their facile synthesis and band gaps aligned with the visible light spectrum.

Proposal of Gaze Analysis to Visualize Tacit Knowledge of Nursing Expert Skills.

This study was conducted to develop nursing skills learning support system, particularly addressing a "blood drawing technique," among other nursing skills. It analyzes tacit knowledge associated with skilled nurses' (hereinafter "experts"') movements when executing a blood drawing technique, devoting attention to their gaze. Overall, positive correlation was found between the ladder level and the success rate.

An Examination of the Usefulness of a Human Resource Development Tool of New Visiting Nurses.

Japan's aging rate is among the highest in the world these days. Consequently, home-visiting nursing stations ("stations") are increasing rapidly, but visiting nurses do not remain working at them for long. We developed a human resource promotional tool using spreadsheet software (Excel®; Microsoft Corp.

Electron Transfer Enhanced by a Minimal Energetic Driving Force at the Organic-Semiconductor Interface.

The energetic driving force for electron transfer must be minimized to realize efficient optoelectronic devices including organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Exploring the dynamics of a charge-transfer (CT) state at an interface leads to a comprehension of the relationship between energetics, electron-transfer efficiency, and device performance. Here, we investigate the electron transfer from the CT state to the triplet excited state (T) in upconversion OLEDs with 45 material combinations.

Shared decision-making support program for older patients with advanced cancer using a question prompt list and geriatric assessment: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Older patients with cancer are less likely to express their treatment preferences than younger patients. Question prompt lists (QPLs) facilitate communication between patients and physicians. Geriatric assessment (GA) is recommended when older patients with cancer make treatment decisions.

High Volumetric Energy Density Supercapacitor of Additive-Free Quantum Dot Hierarchical Nanopore Structure.

The high surface-area-to-volume ratio of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) positions them as promising materials for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. However, the challenge lies in achieving a highly accessible surface area, while maintaining good electrical conductivity. An efficient supercapacitor demands a dense yet highly porous structure that facilitates efficient ion-surface interactions and supports fast charge mobility.

Efficacy and safety of intravenous fosphenytoin for patients with acute herpes zoster-associated pain: A placebo-controlled randomized trial.

Acute zoster-associated pain develops in most patients with herpes zoster. Nonopioid analgesics are usually used to treat acute zoster-associated pain but are frequently ineffective. We administered intravenous fosphenytoin, the prodrug of phenytoin, to patients with acute zoster-associated pain to examine its analgesic efficacy and safety.

[Unmet Needs from the Cancer Patient Perspective].

An unmet needs survey was conducted among cancer patients, their families, and others affected by cancer during the 10-year period from 2011 to 2022 to clarify the actual situation regarding access to information, treatment choices, daily quality of life, and psychosocial support from the perspective of cancer patients, and to explore characteristics, problems, and issues in the categories of common cancers, rare cancers, and pediatric cancers. The desire for successful treatment itself is the same regardless of the type of cancer. However, economic and psychological burdens are closely related to age and life stage, and second opinions and necessary information differ by cancer type.

Blue organic light-emitting diode with a turn-on voltage of 1.47 V.

Among the three primary colors, blue emission in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are highly important but very difficult to develop. OLEDs have already been commercialized; however, blue OLEDs have the problem of requiring a high applied voltage due to the high-energy of blue emission. Herein, an ultralow voltage turn-on at 1.

Bottom Contact 100 nm Channel-Length α-In Se In-Plane Ferroelectric Memory.

Owing to the emerging trend of non-volatile memory and data-centric computing, the demand for more functional materials and efficient device architecture at the nanoscale is becoming stringent. To date, 2D ferroelectrics are cultivated as channel materials in field-effect transistors for their retentive and switchable dipoles and flexibility to be compacted into diverse structures and integration for intensive production. This study demonstrates the in-plane (IP) ferroelectric memory effect of a 100 nm channel-length 2D ferroelectric semiconductor α-In Se stamped onto nanogap electrodes on Si/SiO under a lateral electric field.

Happy thoughts: The role of communion in accepting and sharing (mis)beliefs.

The negativity bias favours the cultural diffusion of negative beliefs, yet many common (mis)beliefs-naturopathy works, there's a heaven-are positive. Why? People might share 'happy thoughts'-beliefs that might make others happy-to display their kindness. Five experiments conducted among Japanese and English-speaking participants (N = 2412) show that: (i) people higher on communion are more likely to believe and share happier beliefs, by contrast with people higher in competence and dominance; (ii) when they want to appear nice and kind, rather than competent and dominant, people avoid sharing sad beliefs, and instead prefer sharing happy beliefs; (iii) sharing happier beliefs instead of sad beliefs leads to being perceived as nicer and kinder; and (iv) sharing happy beliefs instead of sad beliefs fleads to being perceived as less dominant.

Nanostructure-induced 1-ordering of twinned single-crystals in CoPt ferromagnetic nanowires.

1-ordered ferromagnetic nanowires with large coercivity are essential for realizing next-generation spintronic devices. Ferromagnetic nanowires have been commonly fabricated by first 1-ordering of initially disordered ferromagnetic films by annealing and then etching them into nanowire structures using lithography. If the 1-ordered nanowires can be fabricated using only lithography and subsequent annealing, the etching process can be omitted, which leads to an improvement in the fabrication process for spintronic devices.

Anti-pruritic effect of isothiocyanates: Potential involvement of toll-like receptor 3 signaling.

The innate immune system has an emerging role as a mediator of neuro-immune communication and a therapeutic target for itch. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) plays an important role in itch, as shown in TLR3 knock-out mice. In this study, to evaluate effects of TLR3 inhibitors on histamine-independent itch, we used two kinds of isothiocyanate (ITC).

Geriatric assessment and management with question prompt list using a web-based application for elderly patients with cancer (MAPLE) to communicate ageing-related concerns: J-SUPPORT 2101 study protocol for a multicentre, parallel group, randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Elderly cancer patients often have ageing-related physical and psychosocial problems that should be fully shared with their oncologists. Geriatric assessment (GA) can assess these ageing-related problems and guide management. Communication support might also facilitate implementation of GA-guided management.

Assessing the need for a question prompt list that encourages end-of-life discussions between patients with advanced cancer and their physicians: A focus group interview study.

Objective: Early integration of palliative and cancer care improves the quality of life and is facilitated by discussions about the end of life after cessation of active cancer treatment between patients with advanced cancer and their physicians. However, both patients and physicians find end-of-life discussions challenging. The aim of this study was to assess the need for a question prompt list (QPL) that encourages end-of-life discussions between patients with advanced cancer and their physicians.

Comparison of perianal skin barrier function with moisturizer application in Japanese full-term newborns.

Background/objectives: Some full-term newborns present with erythema and irritation of the buttocks and perianal area as early as the first 4 days of their lives. The effect of moisturizers in protecting this vulnerable skin has not been rigorously studied. This study aimed to clarify whether there is a difference in perianal skin barrier function with and without moisturizer application in the first month of life.

"Live-Autoradiography" Technique Reveals Genetic Variation in the Rate of Fe Uptake by Barley Cultivars.

Iron (Fe) is an essential trace element in plants; however, the available Fe in soil solution does not always satisfy the demand of plants. Genetic diversity in the rate of Fe uptake by plants has not been broadly surveyed among plant species or genotypes, although plants have developed various Fe acquisition mechanisms. The "live-autoradiography" technique with radioactive Fe was adopted to directly evaluate the uptake rate of Fe by barley cultivars from a nutrient solution containing a very low concentration of Fe.

Culture as a Moderator of Epistemically Suspect Beliefs.

A consistent finding reported in the literature is that epistemically suspect beliefs (e.g., paranormal beliefs) are less frequently endorsed by individuals with a greater tendency to think analytically.

Thermodynamic Picture of Phase Segregation during the Formation of Bicontinuous Concentric Lamellar () Silica.

The thermodynamic picture describing the formation mechanism of bicontinuous concentric lamellar () nanostructured silica particles, silica, was investigated thoroughly. A series of classical kinetics of silica by varying the synthesis time were employed to observe the morphological evolution of silica. The formation mechanism of silica is proposed as the hydrolysis and condensation reactions in the reverse micelle, followed by the phase segregation process.

Salvage Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Local Recurrence of Superficial Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer after Photodynamic Therapy.

Photodynamic therapy is useful as organ-preservation salvage therapy for residual recurrence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after chemoradiation therapy. However, the high residual recurrence rate of photodynamic therapy poses a problem. We herein report a patient who underwent photodynamic therapy for recurrence of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after chemoradiation therapy.

Educational Program Using Robots for Preventing Cognitive Decline of Elderly Persons.

An expected surge of dementia patients in Japan indicates a pressing need to establish countermeasures. As described herein, by developing an educational program for elderly people using robots, we performed a demonstration experiment. Results revealed that involvement of elderly people with robots enhances their enjoyment, indicating a future direction of cognitive decline prevention education for elderly people.