The national health program for vitamin D supplementation in a developing country.

Background: Previous studies have reported a high frequency of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) among different age groups in Iran.

Aims: In this study, the current coverage, status of vitamin D supplement taking, and program efficacy have been evaluated by the Office of Nutrition Department Society in Iran since 2014.

Methods: This study was conducted in collaboration with the International UNESCO center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition and the Office of Nutrition Department Society.

The prevalence and possible causes of enteral tube feeding intolerance in critically ill patients: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Enteral tube feeding intolerance (ETFI) is one of the most common complications of enteral nutrition (EN), which may lead to increased mortality and length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ETFI and effects on feeding intolerance on nutrition and clinical outcomes in Iran.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 at the three general ICUs of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, Iran, during 7 days on 245 patients.

Effects of synbiotic supplementation on energy and macronutrients homeostasis and muscle wasting of critical care patients: study protocol and a review of previous studies.

Background: An extreme and persistent dysbiosis occurs among critically ill patients, regardless of the heterogeneity of disease. Dysbiosis in critically ill patients may make them prone to hospital-acquired infections, sepsis, multi-organ failure (MOF), energy homeostasis disturbance, muscle wasting, and cachexia. Modulation of gut microbiota through synbiotics can be considered as a potential treatment for muscle wasting and macronutrient homeostasis disturbances.