Influence of methadone on the anticonvulsant efficacy of valproate sodium gabapentin against maximal electroshock seizure in mice by regulation of brain MDA TNF-α.

Methadone is the most frequently used opioid therapy worldwide, with controversial effects on oxidative stress homeostasis. This study investigated the effects of intraperitoneal (i.p.

Sex Differences and Role of Gonadal Hormones on Glutamate LevelAfter Spinal Cord Injury in Rats: A Microdialysis Study.

Introduction: Sex differences in outcomes of Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) suggest a sex-hormone-mediated effect on post-SCI pathological events, including glutamate excitotoxicity. This study aimed to investigate the importance of gonadal hormones on glutamate release subsequent to SCI in rats.

Methods: After laminectomy at T8-T9, an electrolytic lesion was applied to the spinothalamic tracts of male and female rats.

Cross State-dependent Learning Interaction Between Scopolamine and Morphine in Mice: The Role of Dorsal Hippocampus.

Introduction: The current study aimed at investigating the existence of the cross state-dependent learning between morphine and scopolamine (SCO) in mice by passive avoidance method, pointing to the role of CA1 area.

Methods: The effects of pre-training SCO (0.75, 1.

Dendrosomal nanocurcumin prevents morphine self-administration behavior in rats despite CA1 damage.

Dendrosomal nanocurcumin (DNC) is fabricated from esterification of oleic acid and polyethylene glycol residues with curcumin. DNC has shown antioxidant, neuroprotective, and neurogenesis-enhancing effects. In addition, it can attenuate morphine tolerance.

Effects of Subcutaneous Injection MnO Micro- and Nanoparticles on Blood Glucose Level and Lipid Profile in Rat.

Background: The use of nanotechnology has led to rapid growth in various areas. Thus, health and safety issues of nanoparticles (NPs) should be promptly addressed. Manganese oxide (MnO) nanoparticles (NPs) are typically used for biomedical and industrial applications.

Comparison of acute effects of heroin and Kerack on sensory and motor activity of honey bees (Apis mellifera).

Objectives: Previous studies demonstrated a functional similarity between vertebrate and honey bee nervous systems. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of heroin and Iranian street Kerack, a combination of heroin and caffeine, on sensory threshold and locomotor activity in honey bees.

Materials And Methods: All drugs were given orally to honey bees 30 min before each experiment.

Improvement of Lidocaine Local Anesthetic Action Using Lallemantia royleana Seed Mucilage as an Excipient.

Lallemantia royleana (Balangu) is a well known Iranian medicinal plant that its seed mucilage has many applications in modern pharmacology. Plant mucilage traditionally was used as a gel supplement, and natural matrix for sustained release of drugs. But it seems that these compounds are not a simple additive and also have many undiscovered pharmacological properties.

Epidural administration of neostigmine-loaded nanofibers provides extended analgesia in rats.

Background: In this study, neostigmine-loaded electrospun nanofibers were prepared and then their efficacy and duration of analgesic action were studied after epidural administration in rats by repeated tail flick and formalin tests.

Methods: The neostigmine poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning methods. The nanofibers (1 mg) were injected into the lumbar epidural space (L5-L6) of rats (n = 6).

The effect of aligned and random electrospun fibrous scaffolds on rat mesenchymal stem cell proliferation.

Objective: The development of combining mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with surface modified three-dimensional (3D) biomaterial scaffold provides a desirable alternative for replacement of damaged and diseased tissue. Nanofibrous scaffolds serve as suitable environment for cell attachment and proliferation due to their similarity to the physical dimension of the natural extracellular matrix. In this study the properties of plasma treated poly-C-caprolactone nanofiber scaffolds (p-PCL) and unaltered PCL scaffolds were compared, and then p-PCL scaffolds were evaluated for MSC culture.

Blockade of D1/D2 dopamine receptors within the nucleus accumbens attenuated the antinociceptive effect of cannabinoid receptor agonist in the basolateral amygdala.

Previous studies showed the role of basolateral amygdala (BLA) in cannabinoid-induced antinociception. Furthermore, the nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays an important role in mediating the suppression of pain in animal models. The present study extended the role of dopamine receptors within the NAc in antinociceptive effect of cannabinoid receptor agonist, WIN55,212-2, microinjected into the BLA following the tail-flick and formalin tests in rats.

Intra-accumbal NMDA but not AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist attenuates WIN55,212-2 cannabinoid receptor agonist-induced antinociception in the basolateral amygdala in a rat model of acute pain.

Previous studies showed the role of basolateral amygdala (BLA) in cannabinoid-induced antinociception. Several lines of evidence indicated that the nucleus accumbens (NAc) receives excitatory glutamatergic inputs primarily from limbic-related structures, including the hippocampus, BLA, and various thalamic nuclei. Additionally, it has been shown that the NAc plays an important role in mediating the suppression of animal models of pain.

Functional involvement of Ca(2+) and Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels in anethol-induced changes in Ca(2+) dependent excitability of F1 neurons in Helix aspersa.

The effects of anethol, the major component of anise oil, on the Ca(2+)-dependent excitability and afterhyperpolarization (AHP) in snail neurons were examined using intracellular recording. Anethol (0.5%) significantly broadened the spike, reduced the firing frequency and enhanced the AHP amplitude.

Changes in phosphorylation of CREB, ERK, and c-fos induction in rat ventral tegmental area, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex after conditioned place preference induced by chemical stimulation of lateral hypothalamus.

Experimental evidence indicates that chemical stimulation of lateral hypothalamus (LH) by carbachol can produce conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats. Several lines of evidence have shown that cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-fos have pivotal role in CPP induced by drugs of abuse, such as morphine, cocaine, nicotine, and alcohol. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the changes in phosphorylated-CREB (p-CREB) and -ERK (p-ERK), and c-fos induction within ventral tegmental area (VTA), hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) after the acquisition of CPP induced by intra-LH administration of carbachol.

Chemical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus induces conditioned place preference in rats: Involvement of OX1 and CB1 receptors in the ventral tegmental area.

Orexinergic projection originated from the lateral hypothalamus (LH) to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) has an important role in the acquisition of morphine conditioned place preference (CPP). However, little if any is known about the function and/or effect of orexin on CPP in rats. In the present study, we investigated the direct effect of orexinergic neurons on acquisition of CPP by chemical stimulation of LH and involvement of orexin-A and CB1 receptors within the VTA in development of reward-related behaviors.

Sub-chronic administration of AM251, CB1 receptor antagonist, within the nucleus accumbens induced sensitization to morphine in the rat.

It seems that there is a cross-talk between the cannabinoid CB1 and opioid receptors in the process of sensitization to opiates. In present study, we tried to examine the effect of solely administration of AM251, a CB1 receptor antagonist, on conditioned place preference (CPP) by ineffective dose of morphine in the rat. 102 adult male albino Wistar rats were used in these experiments.

Effects of reversible inactivation of the ventral tegmental area on the acquisition and expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in the rat.

The mesolimbic dopaminergic system that projects from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens is critical for initiation of opioid reinforcement and reward-related effects of drugs of abuse. In the present study, the effects of reversible inactivation of VTA on acquisition and expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) were investigated in rats. One hundred and eighty-one adult male albino Wistar rats were used in these experiments.

Effects of CB1 receptor antagonist within the nucleus accumbens on the acquisition and expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in morphine-sensitized rats.

It has been shown that cannabinoids interact with the opiate system in reward-related behaviors and in animal models of addiction. In the present study, the effects of bilateral intra-accumbal administration of AM251, a CB1 receptor antagonist, on the acquisition and expression of ineffective dose of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in morphine-sensitized rats were investigated. 158 adult male albino Wistar rats were used in these experiments.