Investigating the mutagenic effects of three commonly used pulpotomy agents using the ames test.

Purpose: The mutagenic potency of materials used in dentistry is of great concern. The Ames test is a bacterial reverse mutation assay, which is used to determine the mutagenicity potential of chemicals. In this study, the Ames test was used to compare mutagenic effects of three pulpotomy agents, namely, CEM cement, formocresol and ferric sulfate.

Effect of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Calcium-Enriched Mixture Cement and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate with Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate on BMP-2 Production.

Introduction: One of the hypotheses regarding the calcification induction by mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is the involvement of transforming growth factor-Beta (TGF-β) super family. Calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement is one of the endodontic biomaterials with clinical applications similar to MTA. The aim of the present in vitro study was to compare the induction of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) by a combination of disodium hydrogen phosphate (DSHP) and tooth colored ProRoot MTA (WMTA), to that of CEM cement and WMTA.

Dental and oral diseases in Medieval Persia, lessons from Hedayat Akhawayni.

Persian physicians had a great role in assimilation and expansion of medical sciences during the medieval period and Islamic golden age. In fact the dominant medical figures of that period were of Persian origin such as Avicenna and Razes, but their works have been written in Arabic that was the lingua franca of the period. Undoubtedly the most substantial medical book of that period that has been written in Persian belongs to Abubakr Rabi ibn Ahmad al-Akhawayni al-Bokhari and his book, Hidayat al-Mutallimin fi-al-Tibb (Learner's Guide to Medicine).

Effect of premedication with ibuprofen and dexamethasone on success rate of inferior alveolar nerve block for teeth with asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis: a randomized clinical trial.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare 2 kinds of anti-inflammatory medicines (ie, dexamethasone and ibuprofen) with a placebo according to their effects on the success rates of an inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) for the endodontic treatment of mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis.

Methods: A total of 165 patients were divided into 3 groups of 55 patients each and were given a capsule of the same color and size (ie, a placebo of lactose powder, 400 mg ibuprofen, or 0.5 mg dexamethasone).

Microleakage comparison of four dental materials as intra-orifice barriers in endodontically treated teeth.

Introduction: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare polymicrobial microleakage of calcium enriched mixture (CEM) cement, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), amalgam, and composite resin as intra-orifice sealing materials.

Materials And Methods: Seventy single-rooted mandibular premolars were instrumented and obturated by cold lateral compaction technique. The teeth were randomly divided into four experimental groups according to used material: CEM, MTA, amalgam and composite resin (n=15) and two control groups (n=5).

Bactericidal effects of Nd:YAG laser irradiation and sodium hypochlorite solution on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bactericidal effects of Nd:YAG laser on biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis.

Background Data: It is difficult to eliminate bacterial biofilms with routine endodontic preparation techniques. It might be possible to eliminate biofilms remaining in the root canals of teeth with lasers.

Effects of various mixing techniques on push-out bond strengths of white mineral trioxide aggregate.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 3 different mixing methods on push-out bond strength of white tooth-colored mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA).

Methods: Sixty 2-mm-thick root sections were prepared from 60 single-rooted human teeth and filled with MTA. The samples were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 20) of MTA mixed by ultrasonic, trituration, or conventional methods and then allowed to set for 72 hours in a synthetic tissue fluid environment.

Effect of Er, Cr: YSGG laser irradiation on Enterococcus faecalis in infected root canals.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the eradication of Enterococcus faecalis by high-power settings of Er, Cr:YSGG laser irradiation in root canals of extracted teeth.

Background Data: The bacteria entering the root canal system invade dentinal tubules, resulting in persistent infections in root canals due to limited penetration of irrigation solutions into the dentinal tubules. The antibacterial effects of different lasers have been investigated in previous studies.

Effect of mineral trioxide aggregates and Portland cements on inflammatory cells.

Introduction: Recently, some studies have compared mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) with Portland cements, concluding that the principal ingredients of Portland cements are similar to those of MTA. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of gray MTA, white MTA, and gray and white Portland cements on inflammatory cells in rats.

Methods: Fresh mixtures mixed with distilled water were placed in polyethylene tubes, which were implanted in the dorsal subcutaneous connective tissue of 60 Sprague-Dawley rats along with empty tubes as controls.

Sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate and Portland cement for furcal perforation repair: a protein leakage study.

The purpose of this study was to compare the sealing ability of gray mineral trioxide aggregate (GMTA), white MTA (WMTA), and both white and gray Portland cement as furcation perforation repair materials. A total of 120 human mandibular first molars were used. After root canal obturation and preparation of furcal perforations the specimens were randomly divided into four groups of 25 teeth each.

Comparison of apical microleakage using Ni-Ti with stainless steel finger spreaders.

Introduction: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare apical microleakage after obturation with Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) compared to Stainless Steel (SS) finger spreaders.

Materials And Methods: Eighty straight single-rooted human teeth were instrumented using step-back technique. The specimens were randomly divided into four groups.

Effect of calcium hydroxide dressing on microleakage of composite restorations in endodontically treated teeth subsequent to bleaching.

Objective: This study evaluates the effect of calcium hydroxide dressing on microleakage of composite restorations following non-vital bleaching.

Methods: A total of 45 sound extracted human maxillary central incisors underwent endodontic treatment. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups (n=15).

A comparative scanning electron microscopic study of the effect of three different rotary instruments on smear layer formation.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of RaCe, FlexMaster and ProFile rotary instruments on smear layer formation by scanning electron microscopy. Eighty-four caries-free freshly extracted human single-rooted teeth were selected and divided into three groups, each containing 28 teeth. The teeth were instrumented with rotary instruments sequentially: Group A: ProFile Rotary Instruments; Group B: FlexMaster Rotary Instruments; and Group C: RaCe Rotary Instruments.

Pathosis associated with radiographically normal follicular tissues in third molar impactions: a clinicopathological study.

Background: The follicular tissue around impacted third molars has a potential to develop pathosis. However, it is generally assumed that the absence of abnormal radiolucency indicates the presence of a normal follicle.

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate abnormalities associated with radiographically normal follicular tissue of third molar impactions.

Root canal configuration and the prevalence of C-shaped canals in mandibular second molars in an Iranian population.

A total of 139 extracted mandibular second molars were injected with India ink and demineralized. They were made clear and transparent with methyl salicylate, and the anatomy of their canals was studied. It was found that 86.

An in vitro study of the effect of spreader penetration depth on apical microleakage.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of spreader penetration depth on apical microleakage using the lateral compaction method. A total of 96 extracted maxillary central incisors were instrumented using the step-back method, and randomly divided into the following four experimental groups: A) with tug-back and spreader penetration 1 mm short of the working length; B) without tug-back and spreader penetration 1 mm short of the working length; C) without tug-back and spreader penetration to the working length; D) with tug-back and spreader penetration to the working length. Microleakage evaluation was conducted using the dye penetration method, and ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis.

Sealing ability of white and gray mineral trioxide aggregate mixed with distilled water and 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate when used as root-end filling materials.

This in vitro study used dye penetration to compare the sealing ability of white and gray mineral trioxide aggregate mixed with distilled water and 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate when used as root-end filling materials. Ninety-six single-rooted human teeth were cleaned, shaped, and obturated with gutta-percha and AH26 root canal sealer.