Investigating subpopulation dynamics in clonal CHO-K1 cells with single-cell RNA sequencing.

Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells produce monoclonal antibodies and other biotherapeutics at industrial scale. Despite their ubiquitous nature in the biopharmaceutical industry, little is known about the behaviors of individual transfected clonal CHO cells. Most CHO cells are assessed on their stability, their ability to produce the protein of interest over time.

Sharp-to-Broad Band Energy Transfer in Lithium Aluminate and Gallate Phosphors for SWIR LED.

Short-wave infrared (SWIR) phosphor-converted light-emitting diode (LED) technology holds promise for advancing broadband light sources. Despite the potential, limited research has delved into the energy transfer mechanism from sharp-line to broadband emission in SWIR phosphors, which remains underexplored. Herein, we demonstrate bright SWIR phosphors achieved through Cr/Ni energy transfer in LiGaAl O.

Supersensitive visual pressure sensor based on the exciton luminescence of a perovskite material.

Accurate, rapid, and remote detection of pressure, one of the fundamental physical parameters, is vital for scientific, industrial, and daily life purposes. However, due to the limited sensitivity of luminescent manometers, the optical pressure monitoring has been applied mainly in scientific studies. Here, we developed the first supersensitive optical pressure sensor based on the exciton-type luminescence of the Bi-doped, double perovskite material CsAgNaInCl.

Spinel-Type Structured Phosphor Near-Infrared-II Emission: Intervalence Charge Transfer and Hetero-Valent Chromium Pairs.

Near-infrared (NIR) emitting phosphors draw much attention because they show great applicability and development prospects in many fields. Herein, a series of inverse spinel-type structured LiGaO phosphors with a high concentration of Cr activators is reported with a dual emission band covering NIR-I and II regions. Except for strong ionic exchange interactions such as Cr-Cr and Cr clusters, an intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) process between aggregated Cr ion pairs is proposed as the mechanism for the ~1210 nm NIR-II emission.

Photoelectric Studies as the Key to Understanding the Nonradiative Processes in Chromium Activated NIR Materials.

In this study, we synthesized a series of GaInO:0.02Cr materials with varying values from 0.0 to 1.

Advancing Near-Infrared Light Sources: Enhancing Chromium Emission through Cation Substitution in Ultra-Broadband Near-Infrared Phosphors.

The growing interest in the use of near-infrared (NIR) radiation for spectroscopy, optical communication, and medical applications spanning both NIR-I (700-900 nm) and NIR-II (900-1700 nm) has driven the need for new NIR light sources. NIR phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (pc-LEDs) are expected to replace traditional lamps mainly due to their high efficiency and compact design. Broadband NIR phosphors activated by Cr and Cr have attracted significant research interest, offering emission across a wide range from 700 to 1700 nm.

Hidden Hexavalent Chromium Ions with Subtle Structural Evolution in Near-Infrared Phosphors.

Cr-doped inorganic materials are pivotal in developing near-infrared optical materials; however, multivalent Cr ions and their respective distribution in the materials remain ambiguous. Herein, a series of Li(ScIn)O:Cr phosphors containing both Cr/Cr ions are prepared. High-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals two similar phases in Li(ScIn)O.

Single Crystalline Films of Ce-Doped YMgSiAlO Garnets: Crystallization, Optical, and Photocurrent Properties.

This research focuses on LPE growth, and the examination of the optical and photovoltaic properties of single crystalline film (SCF) phosphors based on Ce-doped YMgSiAlO garnets with Mg and Si contents in x = 0-0.345 and y = 0-0.31 ranges.

Lanthanide ions (Eu, Er, Pr) as luminescence and charge carrier centers in SrTiO.

A series of strontium orthotitanate (SrTiO) samples doped with 2% of a mole of europium, praseodymium, and erbium were obtained using the solid-state synthesis method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique confirms the phase purity of all samples and the lack of the influence of dopants at a given concentration on the structure of materials. The optical properties indicate, in the case of SrTiO:Eu, two independent emission (PL) and excitation (PLE) spectra attributed to the Eu ions at sites with different symmetries: low - excited at 360 nm and high - excited at 325 nm, while, for SrTiO:Er and SrTiO:Pr, the emission spectra do not depend on the excitation wavelength.

The Usefulness of MRI Dynamic Flow Sequences in Differentiating High- and Low-Flow Vascular Malformations.

Peripheral arteriovenous malformations (PVMs) can be classified into high-flow malformations (HFVMs) and low-flow malformations (LFVMs). Adequate distinguishment is crucial for therapeutic decision and can be done using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI). The main aim of this retrospective study was to determine the diagnostic value of quantitative DCE-MRI ratios for differentiation between HFVM and LFVM, their optimal cut-off points, and predictive values.

Comparative systeomics to elucidate physiological differences between CHO and SP2/0 cell lines.

Omics-based tools were coupled with bioinformatics for a systeomics analysis of two biopharma cell types: Chinese hamster ovary (M-CHO and CHO-K1) and SP2/0. Exponential and stationary phase samples revealed more than 10,000 transcripts and 6000 proteins across these two manufacturing cell lines. A statistical comparison of transcriptomics and proteomics data identified downregulated genes involved in protein folding, protein synthesis and protein metabolism, including PPIA-cyclophilin A, HSPD1, and EIF3K, in M-CHO compared to SP2/0 while cell cycle and actin cytoskeleton genes were reduced in SP2/0.

Energetic structure of Sm luminescence centers in SrTiO.

A luminescent material based on the strontium orthotitanate (SrTiO) matrix doped with 1% of a mole of samarium was obtained using the typical solid-state synthesis method under a neutral atmosphere of nitrogen. The sample was investigated using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and several luminescence techniques to study the phase composition, luminescence properties as well as to determine the position of the energetic states of Sm in relation to the valence and conduction bands of SrTiO. The XRD result shows that the product of the synthesis is pure SrTiO.

Adaptive immune responses in vaccinated patients with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Alpha infection.

Benchmarks for protective immunity from infection or severe disease after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are still being defined. Here, we characterized virus neutralizing and ELISA antibody levels, cellular immune responses, and viral variants in 4 separate groups: healthy controls (HCs) weeks (early) or months (late) following vaccination in comparison with symptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 after partial or full mRNA vaccination. During the period of the study, most symptomatic breakthrough infections were caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant.

Effect of Temperature and Pressure on Structural and Optical Properties of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Manganese Halides.

Organic-inorganic hybrid metal halides have recently attracted attention in the global research field for their bright light emission, tunable photoluminescence wavelength, and convenient synthesis method. This study reports the detailed properties of (CHN)MnBr, which emits bright green light with a high photoluminescence quantum yield. Results of powder X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence, thermogravimetric analysis, and Raman spectra show the phase transition of (CHN)MnBr at 430 K.

COVID-19 pandemic in flu season. Chest computed tomography - what we know so far.

Chest computed tomography (CT) is proven to have high sensitivity in COVID-19 diagnosis. It is available in most emergency wards, and in contrast to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) it can be obtained in several minutes. However, its imaging features change during the course of the disease and overlap with other viral pneumonias, including influenza pneumonia.

Chromium Ion Pair Luminescence: A Strategy in Broadband Near-Infrared Light-Emitting Diode Design.

Portable near-infrared (NIR) light sources are in high demand for applications in spectroscopy, night vision, bioimaging, and many others. Typical phosphor designs feature isolated Cr ion centers, and it is challenging to design broadband NIR phosphors based on Cr-Cr pairs. Here, we explore the solid-solution series SrAlGaO:0.

Rubrene Thin Films with Viably Enhanced Charge Transport Fabricated by Cryo-Matrix-Assisted Laser Evaporation.

Among organic semiconductors, rubrene (RB; CH) is of rapidly growing interest for the development of organic and hybrid electronics due to exceptionally long spin diffusion length and carrier mobility up to 20 cmVs in single crystals. However, the fabrication of RB thin films resembling properties of the bulk remains challenging, mainly because of the RB molecule's twisted conformation. This hinders the formation of orthorhombic crystals with strong π-π interactions that support the band transport.

Formation and Near-Infrared Emission of CsPbI Nanoparticles Embedded in CsPbI Crystals.

CsPbI, as a rarely investigated member of the CsPbX (X is a halogen element) family, has been successfully synthesized at low temperatures, and the synthetic conditions have been optimized. Metal iodides such as LiI, KI, NiI, CoI, and ZnI, as additives, play an important role in enhancing the formation of the CsPbI microcrystals. ZnI with the lowest dissociation energy is the most efficient additive to supply iodide ions, and its amount of addition has also been optimized.

Sex Differences in Lung Imaging and SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses in a COVID-19 Golden Syrian Hamster Model.

In the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), more severe outcomes are reported in males than in females, including hospitalizations and deaths. Animal models can provide an opportunity to mechanistically interrogate causes of sex differences in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. Adult male and female golden Syrian hamsters (8 to 10 weeks of age) were inoculated intranasally with 10 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID) of SARS-CoV-2/USA-WA1/2020 and euthanized at several time points during the acute (i.

Redox as a bioprocess parameter: analytical redox quantification in biological therapeutic production.

Engineered Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the most widely utilized cell line for protein-based therapeutics production at industrial scales. Process development strategies which improve production capacity and quality are often implemented without an understanding of underlying intracellular changes. Intracellular redox conditions drive reactions in pathways critical to biologics production, including bioenergetic and biosynthetic pathways, necessitating methods to quantify redox-related changes.

Glycoengineering of Aspergillus nidulans to produce precursors for humanized N-glycan structures.

Filamentous fungi secrete protein with a very high efficiency, and this potential can be exploited advantageously to produce therapeutic proteins at low costs. A significant barrier to this goal is posed by the fact that fungal N-glycosylation varies substantially from that of humans. Inappropriate N-glycosylation of therapeutics results in reduced product quality, including poor efficacy, decreased serum half-life, and undesirable immune reactions.

Sex differences in lung imaging and SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in a COVID-19 golden Syrian hamster model.

In the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), more severe outcomes are reported in males compared with females, including hospitalizations and deaths. Animal models can provide an opportunity to mechanistically interrogate causes of sex differences in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. Adult male and female golden Syrian hamsters (8-10 weeks of age) were inoculated intranasally with 10 TCID of SARS-CoV-2/USA-WA1/2020 and euthanized at several time points during the acute (i.

Perfusion reduces bispecific antibody aggregation via mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction-induced glutathione oxidation and ER stress in CHO cells.

One major challenge observed for the expression of therapeutic bispecific antibodies (BisAbs) is high product aggregates. Aggregates increase the risk of immune responses in patients and therefore must be removed at the expense of purification yields. BisAbs contain engineered disulfide bonds, which have been demonstrated to form product aggregates, if mispaired.

Expanded Chinese hamster organ and cell line proteomics profiling reveals tissue-specific functionalities.

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the predominant production vehicle for biotherapeutics. Quantitative proteomics data were obtained from two CHO cell lines (CHO-S and CHO DG44) and compared with seven Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) tissues (brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, ovary and spleen) by tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling followed by mass spectrometry, providing a comprehensive hamster tissue and cell line proteomics atlas. Of the 8470 unique proteins identified, high similarity was observed between CHO-S and CHO DG44 and included increases in proteins involved in DNA replication, cell cycle, RNA processing, and chromosome processing.

Broadband NaKLi[LiSiO]:Ce Alkali Lithosilicate Blue Phosphors.

Phosphors with a rigid and symmetrical structure are urgently needed. The alkali lithosilicate family (A[LiSiO]) has been extensively studied with a narrow emission band due to its unique cuboid-coordinated environment and rigid structure. However, here we demonstrate for the first time Ce-doped NaKLi[LiSiO] phosphors with a broad emission band, a high internal quantum efficiency (85.