Readiness of primary healthcare and community markets for joint delivery of cardiovascular disease prevention services in Kenya: an observational feasibility study of Health Kiosks in Markets (HEKIMA).

Objectives: The increasing burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in Kenya threatens its healthcare system. There is a need for innovative models that improve equitable access to CVD prevention services. Community markets are social establishments with untapped potential to promote public health.

Mixed-method Irish study exploring the role of diet in IBD based on an online questionnaire and a patient panel opinion.

Objective: Diet is a risk factor in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) pathogenesis. This study aims to examine the dietary patterns and beliefs of Irish patients living with IBD through an online questionnaire and subsequent open discussions with an IBD patient collaborator panel (PCP). All data presented here are selected and presented following the PCP's suggestions and views.

The Role of Dietary Intake in the Weight Loss Outcomes of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The relationship between postoperative dietary intake and weight loss after bariatric surgery remains unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published between January 2000 and May 2023, reporting weight loss outcomes, and dietary intake before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. A total of 42 studies were included.

Co-developing a health promotion programme for indigenous youths in Brazil: A concept mapping report.

Background: Latin America and the Caribbean Region are home to about 42 million Indigenous people, with about 900,000 living in Brazil. The little routinely collected population-level data from Indigenous communities in the region available shows stark inequities in health and well-being. There are 305 Indigenous ethnic groups, speaking 274 languages, spread across the remote national territory, who have endured long-lasting inequities related to poverty, poor health, and limited access to health care.

Diet quality, sleep and quality of life in Parkinson's disease: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by motor and non-motor symptoms that impact quality of daily life, including diet and sleep. However, relatively little is known about dietary intake and quality in people with PD (PwP). Lifestyle factors, and how they relate to diet, are also insufficiently understood.

Adolescent Obesity Prevention in Saudi Arabia: Co-identifying Actionable Priorities for Interventions.

Background: Childhood obesity is a serious issue in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, but there is no known community intervention. The aim of the study was to use a participatory approach to obtain the perspectives of students, school staff and Ministry of Education (MoE) representatives and parents on important and feasible intervention opportunities for school-based obesity prevention for adolescent girls.

Method: The study was conducted in two intermediate schools for girls (13-15 years old) in Jeddah that were purposefully identified with the support of the MoE.

Preventing and treating childhood overweight and obesity in children up to 5 years old: A systematic review by intervention setting.

The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing worldwide with long-term health consequences. Effective strategies to stem the rising childhood obesity rates are needed but systematic reviews of interventions have reported inconsistent effects. Evaluation of interventions could provide more practically relevant information when considered in the context of the setting in which the intervention was delivered.

Protein status in phenylketonuria: A scoping review.

Background & Aims: The physical and functional outcomes of lifelong treatment with a phenylalanine restricted diet for the management of Phenylketonuria (PKU) remain unknown. Given that the mainstay of dietary management consists of modifying the sources of ingested protein, various aspects of body protein status could be compromised.

Objectives: To examine the existing evidence regarding the protein status of people with PKU and identify nutritional and lifestyle variables that influence protein status.

Protein status of people with phenylketonuria: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a disorder of protein metabolism resulting in an accumulation of phenylalanine in the body. Dietary management consists of altering the sources of ingested protein to limit phenylalanine intake. Current dietary protein guidelines for PKU are based on limited scientific evidence, thus it remains unclear whether current practice leads to optimal protein status in people with PKU.

Nutrient, Fibre, and FODMAP Intakes and Food-related Quality of Life in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Their Relationship with Gastrointestinal Symptoms of Differing Aetiologies.

Background And Aims: Certain foods are reported as gut symptom triggers in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], and fructans are shown to worsen non-inflammatory symptoms in inactive IBD, which may result in self-imposed dietary restrictions. The aim of this study was to investigate nutrient and FODMAP intakes, and the relationship between gut symptoms and dietary intake, in IBD.

Methods: Nutrient, fibre, and FODMAP intakes were estimated using 7-day food records in patients with active IBD [Active IBD], inactive IBD with non-inflammatory gut symptoms [Inactive IBD-GI], inactive IBD without gut symptoms [Inactive IBD], and healthy controls.

Modifiable Determinants of Postpartum Weight Loss in Women with Obesity: A Secondary Analysis of the UPBEAT Trial.

Pregnancy can alter a woman's weight gain trajectory across the life course and contribute to the development of obesity through retention of weight gained during pregnancy. This study aimed to identify modifiable determinants associated with postpartum weight retention (PPWR; calculated by the difference in pre-pregnancy and 6 month postpartum weight) in 667 women with obesity from the UPBEAT study. We examined the relationship between PPWR and reported glycaemic load, energy intake, and smoking status in pregnancy, excessive gestational weight gain (GWG), mode of delivery, self-reported postpartum physical activity (low, moderate, and high), and mode of infant feeding (breast, formula, and mixed).

Modifiable early life exposures associated with adiposity and obesity in 3-year old children born to mothers with obesity.

Background: Children born to mothers with obesity are at increased risk of obesity. Influences underlying this predisposition include in-utero exposures, genetic predisposition and a shared family environment. Effective intervention strategies are needed to prevent obesity in these high-risk children; this requires evaluation of modifiable pregnancy and early-life risk factors.

Dietary protein and protein substitute requirements in adults with phenylketonuria: A review of the clinical guidelines.

Lifelong dietary treatment is recommended in the management of phenylketonuria (PKU). Accordingly, an increasing adult population require age-specific PKU guidelines on protein requirements to support changing metabolic demands across the lifespan. Given that protein intake for dietary management of PKU is primarily (52-80%) derived from protein substitutes, the prescribing practice of protein substitutes must be underpinned by robust evidence.

Adiposity and cardiovascular outcomes in three-year-old children of participants in UPBEAT, an RCT of a complex intervention in pregnant women with obesity.

Background: Maternal obesity is associated with offspring cardiometabolic risk. UPBEAT was a randomised controlled trial of an antenatal diet and physical activity intervention in 1555 women with obesity. The intervention was associated with lower gestational weight gain, healthier diet and metabolic profile in pregnancy, and reduced infant adiposity at six months.

Weight misperception and psychological symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood: longitudinal study of an ethnically diverse UK cohort.

Background: To evaluate the association between weight misperception and psychological symptoms in the Determinants of young Adults Social well-being and Health (DASH) longitudinal study.

Methods: A longitudinal sample of 3227 adolescents, in 49 secondary schools in London, aged 11-16 years participated in 2002/2003 and were followed up in 2005/2006. A sub-sample (N = 595) was followed up again at ages 21-23 years in 2012/2013.

Associations between dietary patterns, eating behaviours, and body composition and adiposity in 3-year-old children of mothers with obesity.

Background: The relationships between eating habits, behaviours, and the development of obesity in preschool children is not well established.

Objective: As children of mothers with obesity are themselves at risk of obesity, we examined these relationships in a cohort of 482 three-year-old children of mothers with obesity from the UK Pregnancy Better Eating and Activity Trial (UPBEAT).

Method: Dietary patterns were derived using factor analysis of an 85-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).

Fruit and vegetable consumption and mental health across adolescence: evidence from a diverse urban British cohort study.

Background: Evidence on the relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption (FV) and mental health in adolescence is sparse and inconsistent. Social determinants of FV include ethnicity, family environments and economic disadvantage. We investigated the relationship between FV and mental health in the British multi-ethnic Determinants of Adolescents (now young Adult) Social well-being and Health (DASH) longitudinal study.

Lifestyle Interventions in Overweight and Obese Pregnant or Postpartum Women for Postpartum Weight Management: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) and postpartum weight retention (PPWR) may predispose women to the development of obesity. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in overweight or obese pregnant and/or postpartum women for managing postpartum weight up to 2 years after giving birth. Eighteen randomised controlled trials were included (2559 participants) and divided into three categories according to the timing of the intervention: pregnancy only (n = 3), postpartum only (n = 12) and pregnancy and postpartum (n = 3).

Global cities and cultural diversity: challenges and opportunities for young people's nutrition.

Childhood obesity is a common concern across global cities and threatens sustainable urban development. Initiatives to improve nutrition and encourage physical exercise are promising but are yet to exert significant influence on prevention. Childhood obesity in London is associated with distinct ethnic and socio-economic patterns.

Can antenatal diet and lifestyle interventions influence childhood obesity? A systematic review.

Evidence suggests that adverse nutritional exposures during in utero development may contribute to heightened risk of obesity in childhood. Pregnancy offers the opportunity to modify the intrauterine environment by manipulation of diet and/or physical activity, which may result in favourable health benefits for the child. The objective of this systematic review was to determine whether antenatal lifestyle interventions in pregnant women, aimed at modifying diet and/or physical activity, and lead to a reduction in measures of offspring obesity in early childhood.

Who should deliver the low FODMAP diet and what educational methods are optimal: a review.

Dietary management is being hailed as an effective strategy for the management of irritable bowel syndrome. Specifically, a diet low in fermentable carbohydrates (FODMAPs) has demonstrated efficacy in approximately 70% of patients. As evidence in support of the low FODMAP diet continues to emerge, there is increasing debate regarding implementation of the diet particularly concerning who should educate patients and how to educate them.

Epigenetic regulation of the placental HSD11B2 barrier and its role as a critical regulator of fetal development.

"Fetal programming" is a term used to describe how early-life experience influences fetal development and later disease risk. In humans, prenatal stress-induced fetal programming is associated with increased risk of preterm birth, and a heightened risk of metabolic and neurological diseases later in life. A critical determinant of this is the regulation of fetal exposure to glucocorticoids by the placenta.