Edaravone's reno-protective effects against chronic heat-stress exposure.

Edaravone (EDV) is a potent antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties. It is used to treat various diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases. This study aims to examine EDV's potential renal protective effects on kidney injury induced by heat stress in rats.

Evaluation of Novel HLM Peptide Activity and Toxicity against Planktonic and Biofilm Bacteria: Comparison to Standard Antibiotics.

Background: Antibiotic resistance is one of the main concerns of public health, and the whole world is trying to overcome such a challenge by finding novel therapeutic modalities and approaches. This study has applied the sequence hybridization approach to the original sequence of two cathelicidin natural parent peptides (BMAP-28 and LL-37) to design a novel HLM peptide with broad antimicrobial activity.

Methods: The physicochemical characteristics of the newly designed peptide were determined.

Synergistic Antibacterial Effect of ZnO Nanoparticles and Antibiotics against Multidrug-resistant Biofilm Bacteria.

Background: The misuse of antibiotics leads to a global increase in antibiotic resistance. Therefore, it is imperative to search for alternative compounds to conventional antibiotics. ZnO nanoparticles (Zn NP) are one of these alternatives because they are an effective option to overcome biofilm bacterial cells and a novel way to overcome multidrug resistance in bacteria.

Synergistic Effect of Silver Nanoparticles with Antibiotics for Eradication of Pathogenic Biofilms.

Background: The increase in nosocomial multidrug resistance and biofilm-forming bacterial infections led to the search for new alternative antimicrobial strategies other than traditional antibiotics. Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) could be a viable treatment due to their wide range of functions, rapid lethality, and minimal resistance potential. The primary aim of this study is to prepare silver nanoparticles and explore their antibacterial activity against biofilms.

Development and Evaluation of the Efficacy and Toxicity of a New Hybrid Antimicrobial Peptide MY8.

Background: Antibiotics have led to significant advancements in medicine. Unfortunately, they were faced with the emergence of pathogen resistance. According to the World Health Organization, antimicrobial resistance has been declared one of humanity's top ten global public health threats.

HAZ, a novel peptide with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity.

Objective: The growing microbial resistance to antibiotics is a global public concern, which creates serious needs for newer antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are increasingly exploited in drug development as therapeutic candidates. Here, we aimed to design and characterize a novel peptide with broad spectrum antimicrobial activity.

The Antimicrobial Effect Against Multi-drug Resistant Bacteria of the SK4 Peptide: A Novel Hybrid Peptide of Cecropin-A and BMAP-27.

Background: Antibiotic-resistant is considered one of the critical health challenges in the management of infectious diseases. Resistant bacterial strains to different antibacterial agents have been spread worldwide. Anti-microbial peptides (AMPs), also called host defense peptides, have a broad spectrum of activity and targeting even to multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria, therefore, they have been extensively studied and developed as novel therapeutic antibacterial agents.

Hydroxypropyl Beta Cyclodextrin as a Potential Surface Modifier for Paclitaxel Nanocrystals.

Paclitaxel (PTX) is a hydrophobic chemotherapeutic agent cytotoxic against many serious cancers. This study aimed at designing novel PTX nanocrystals (PTX-NCs) coated with the biocompatible and biodegradable hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) polymer with specific characteristics through the formation of a non-inclusion complex. Briefly, PTX-NCs were prepared by the anti-solvent method followed by homogenization.

Functional and Toxicological Evaluation of MAA-41: A Novel Rationally Designed Antimicrobial Peptide Using Hybridization and Modification Methods from LL-37 and BMAP-28.

Background: Managing bacterial infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) and biofilmforming bacteria is a global health concern. Therefore, enormous efforts were directed toward finding potential alternative antimicrobial agents, such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs).

Aim: We aimed to synthesize a novel modified hybrid peptide designed from natural parents' peptides with enhanced activity and reduced toxicity profile.

Metformin as a Potential Adjuvant Antimicrobial Agent Against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria.

Introduction: The continuous increase in the incidence of bacterial resistance to existing antibiotics represents a worldwide health burden. A surrogate strategy to combat such crisis is to find compounds that restore the antimicrobial activity of the already existing antibiotics against multidrug resistant bacteria. Metformin is a commonly used antidiabetic medication.

Vitamin D Pretreatment Attenuates Ciprofloxacin-Induced Antibacterial Activity.

Background: Ciprofloxacin is an antimicrobial that is commonly used to treat several types of infections. It exerts its antimicrobial activity through interfering with bacterial DNA replication and transcription, leading to increase oxidative stress and eventually bacterial death. Vitamin D, on the other hand, has been found to have DNA protective and antioxidant effects.

Clavulanic Acid in the Scope of Treatment: A Literature Review and Beyond.

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the most common cause of peptic ulcer disease and it can be associated with many complications, including malignancies. In clinical practice, some clinicians may use Clavulanic Acid (CA) in combination with amoxicillin or other beta-lactams as an addition to the standard treatment regimens.

Assessment of Pathogenic Potential, Virulent Genes Profile, and Antibiotic Susceptibility of from Urinary Tract Infection.

is the third most common bacterium that can cause complicated UTI, especially in catheterized patients. Urovirulence genes of strains are poorly identified among UTI patients. The aims of the present study were to determine the prevalence of the uropathogenic strains isolated from UTI patients by the detection of several virulence genes and to characterize the antibiotic susceptibility profile of isolates.

Functional Characterization of a Novel Hybrid Peptide with High Potency against Gram-negative Bacteria.

Background: Multi-drug resistant infections are a growing worldwide health concern. There is an urgent need to produce alternative antimicrobial agents.

Objective: The study aimed to design a new hybrid antimicrobial peptide, and to evaluate its antimicrobial activity alone and in combination with traditional antibiotics.

Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial Activity, and Genotoxicity Assessment of Two Heterocyclic Compounds Containing 1,2,3-Selena- or 1,2,3-Thiadiazole Rings.

New 1,2,3-thiadiazole and 1,2,3-selenadiazole derivatives, (4-[4-((4-bromobenzyl)oxy)-phenyl]-1,2,3-thiadiazole (), 4-[4-((4-chlorobenzyl)oxy)-phenyl]-1,2,3-thiadiazole ()), (4-[4-((4-bromobenzyl)oxy)-phenyl]-1,2,3-selenadiazole (), and 4-[4-((4-chlorobenzyl)oxy)-phenyl]-1,2,3-selenadiazole (6b)), were prepared and screened in vitro for their antimicrobial activity against various pathogenic microbes. In addition, two compounds ( and ) were examined for their in vivo genotoxicity using rats and an 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) assay. Compounds and were found to be highly active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

The Ultrashort Peptide OW: A New Antibiotic Adjuvant.

Background: The over use of current antibiotics and low discovery rate of the new ones are leading to rapid development of multidrug-resistant pathogens worldwide. Antimicrobial peptides have shown promising results against multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Objective: To investigate the antimicrobial activity of a new ultrashort hexapeptide (OW).

Design and characterization of a new hybrid peptide from LL-37 and BMAP-27.

The world is heading to a post-antibiotic era where the treatment of bacterial infections will not be possible even with well-known last-line antibiotics. Unfortunately, the emergence of multidrug resistant bacterial strains is uncontrollable, and the humanity will face a life-threatening fate unless new antimicrobial agents with new bacterial target sites are promptly developed. Herein, we design a hybrid antimicrobial peptide (B1) from helical parts taken from the parent peptides: LL-37 and BMAP-27.

In Vitro Comparison of Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Selected Fluoroquinolones against and Methicillin-Resistant .

An in vitro overview of the inhibitory effects of selected fluoroquinolones against planktonic and biofilm cells of the methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strain American type culture collection (ATCC) 43300 and the strain ATCC 27853 was carried out. Biofilm cells of both strains were less susceptible to the selected antibiotics than their planktonic counterparts. In addition, certain antibiotics were more effective against biofilm cells, while others performed better on the planktonic cells.

Chromosomal damage at bone-marrow cells is induced by exposure of rats to waterpipe water filtrate.

Waterpipe smoking is continuing to spread globally. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of waterpipe water filtrate on chromosomal integrity in the bone-marrow cells of rats. Chromosomal damage was examined using in vivo chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and SCEs assays.

Alterations in oral microbial flora induced by waterpipe tobacco smoking.

Background: Waterpipe smoking is a global health problem and a serious public concern. Little is known about the effects of waterpipe smoking on oral health. In the current study, we examined the alterations of oral microbial flora by waterpipe smoking.

Possible involvement of ROS generation in vorinostat pretreatment induced enhancement of the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin.

The mechanism underlying ciprofloxacin action involves interference with transcription and replication of bacterial DNA and, thus, the induction of double-strand breaks in DNA. It also involves elevated oxidative stress, which might contribute to bacterial cell death. Vorinostat was shown to induce oxidative DNA damage.

Microbiological analysis, antimicrobial activity, and heavy-metals content of Jordanian Ma'in hot-springs water.

Ma'in hot springs are known as sites of balneotherapy. However, little is known about their microbiology and chemistry. In this study, we aim at evaluating the antimicrobial activity of Ma'in hot-springs water (MHSW), studying its microbiology, and determining its physicochemical properties including the heavy metals content.

Evaluation of drug-prescribing patterns based on the WHO prescribing indicators at outpatient clinics of five hospitals in Jordan: a cross-sectional study .

Background: Irrational drug prescribing is considered one of the major challenges for the healthcare sectors worldwide, leading to negative outcomes in patients including various drug-related problems, such as polypharmacy, adverse drug events, more demands on drug monitoring, and unwanted increase in treatment cost.

Objective: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the trends and issues related to prescription at outpatient hospital pharmacies in Jordan and to contrast that to the WHO rational medication list and WHO drug use indicators.

Method: This study was a cross-sectional study, conducted between January 2014 and May 2014.

Ciprofloxacin-Induced Antibacterial Activity Is Atteneuated by Pretreatment with Antioxidant Agents.

Ciprofloxacin works through interfering with replication and transcription of bacterial DNA, which leads to increased oxidative stress, and death of bacterial cells. Drugs with strong antioxidant such as tempol, melatonin and pentoxifylline might interfere with the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin. In the current study, the effect of these drugs on the cytotoxicity of ciprofloxacin was investigated against several reference bacteria.

Ciprofloxacin-Induced Antibacterial Activity Is Attenuated by Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors.

Background: Ciprofloxacin is a commonly used antibiotic for urinary tract infection that interacts with bacterial topoisomerases leading to oxidative radicals generation and bacterial cell death. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEis), on the other hand, are commonly used drugs for the management of erectile dysfunction. The group includes agents such as sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil.