[The new version of the French teratology information service "CRAT" website].

The Centre de Référence sur les Agents Tératogènes (CRAT) is a unique French national reference center involved in the risk assessment of exogenous agents (mainly drugs, but also medical imaging and addictions) on pregnancy, breastfeeding and fertility. To help improve patient care, CRAT makes its expertise available to healthcare professionals via its website (www.lecrat.

Frustration v Imprévision, Why Frustration is so 'Frustrating': The Lack of Flexibility in the English Doctrine's Legal Consequence.

The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent economic restrictions have placed many contractual parties under great strain to honour their agreements as contracts have become commercially impracticable and excessively onerous. This article explores the legal position in England, France and the Middle East under the doctrine of impossibility, impracticability and unforeseen circumstances. Strongly rooted in contractual autonomy and commercial certainty, this article argues that frustration in English common law is not sufficiently broad because the consequence (automatic discharge) is too rigid and does not allow a renegotiation of obligations.

Acellular Dermal Matrix Performance Compared with Latissimus Dorsi Myocutaneous Flap in Expander-Based Breast Reconstruction.

Unlabelled: Latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap (LDMF) with tissue expander provides excellent results in breast reconstruction. Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) has been used in expander-based reconstruction (EBR) with good results. This study assesses how ADM compares to LDMF in EBR.

Patent ductus arteriosus is associated with acute kidney injury in the preterm infant.

Background: This study aimed to test the hypothesis that a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is independently associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in neonates ≤ 28 weeks gestation.

Methods: Preterm infants with echocardiographic diagnosis of moderate-large PDA at age ≤ 30 days were studied retrospectively. AKI, the primary outcome, was defined and staged according to serum creatinine using Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) neonatal criteria.

Prevalence of asthma and rhinitis in a Tunisian population.

Background: Asthma and rhinitis are a major public health problem because of their frequency, their impact on quality of life and economic burden. In Tunisia, epidemiological data are scarce. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of asthma and rhinitis in a representative Tunisian population and to analyze the association between them.

Periprostatic adipocytes act as a driving force for prostate cancer progression in obesity.

Obesity favours the occurrence of locally disseminated prostate cancer in the periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) surrounding the prostate gland. Here we show that adipocytes from PPAT support the directed migration of prostate cancer cells and that this event is strongly promoted by obesity. This process is dependent on the secretion of the chemokine CCL7 by adipocytes, which diffuses from PPAT to the peripheral zone of the prostate, stimulating the migration of CCR3 expressing tumour cells.

A comparative optical coherence tomography study in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and multiple sclerosis.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to find, using spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), retinal imaging biomarkers differentiating neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy controls (HCs).

Materials And Methods: The population was composed of patients with NMOSD (n=23) or MS (n=110) and of HCs (n=75). Evaluation criteria were retinal thickness/volume, visual acuity, low contrast vision acuity and Expanded Disability Status Scale score.

All-Cause Mortality up to and After Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke Events in European Middle-Aged Men: The PRIME Study.

Background And Purpose: The aim was to investigate prospectively the all-cause mortality risk up to and after coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke events in European middle-aged men.

Methods: The study population comprised 10 424 men 50 to 59 years of age recruited between 1991 and 1994 in France (N=7855) and Northern Ireland (N=2747) within the Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction. Incident CHD and stroke events and deaths from all causes were prospectively registered during the 10-year follow-up.

Carotid plaque as a predictor of dementia in older adults: the Three-City Study.

Background: The contribution of carotid atherosclerosis to incident dementia remains unclear. We examined the association between carotid plaques (CP) and common carotid intima media thickness (CCA-IMT) with incident dementia and its subtypes, and their added value for dementia risk prediction.

Methods: At baseline, 6025 dementia-free subjects aged 65-86 years underwent bilateral carotid ultrasonography measures of CP and plaque-free CCA-IMT.

Rate of intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke in the North-of-France region and evolution over time.

The proportion of patients with ischaemic stroke treated by intravenous (i.v.) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is an indicator of quality of stroke care.

Evaluation of options for large scalp defect reconstruction: a 12-year experience.

Objective: Multiple options for reconstruction of scalp defects exist with local tissue advancement and free tissue transfer the mainstay of reconstruction. Over the last 12 years, our tertiary referral hospital has performed more than 150 scalp reconstructions. We reviewed our experience with large scalp defects and evaluated whether free tissue transfer is a viable first option for reconstruction.

Direct long bone invasion by Basal cell carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature.

Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma is the most prevalent form of cancer worldwide, usually arising in the head and neck region, which is cured by surgical excision and rarely invades or metastasizes. Many reports exist of bony invasion in the head and neck but very rarely into long bones.

Methods: We report an unusual case of basal cell carcinoma that despite surgical excision, directly invaded the left humerus.

External validation of the 2008 Framingham cardiovascular risk equation for CHD and stroke events in a European population of middle-aged men. The PRIME study.

Objective: To test the applicability of the sex-specific 2008 Framingham general cardiovascular risk equation for coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in European middle-aged men from Ireland and France.

Methods: In the PRIME study, 9638 healthy middle-aged men recruited in France and Ireland were surveyed for 10 years for the occurrence of first CHD and stroke events. The original Framingham equation, the partially calibrated Framingham equation (using the PRIME baseline survival at 10 years), and the completely calibrated Framingham equation (additionally using risk factor means calculated in PRIME) were assessed.

Molecular mechanisms regulating the vascular prostacyclin pathways and their adaptation during pregnancy and in the newborn.

Prostacyclin (PGI(2)) is a member of the prostanoid group of eicosanoids that regulate homeostasis, hemostasis, smooth muscle function and inflammation. Prostanoids are derived from arachidonic acid by the sequential actions of phospholipase A(2), cyclooxygenase (COX), and specific prostaglandin (PG) synthases. There are two major COX enzymes, COX1 and COX2, that differ in structure, tissue distribution, subcellular localization, and function.

Depressive symptoms, a time-dependent risk factor for coronary heart disease and stroke in middle-aged men: the PRIME Study.

Background And Purpose: To date, the association between depressive symptoms and the risk of cardiovascular diseases remains controversial. We investigated prospectively, within the same population, the time course of the association between baseline depressive symptoms and first stroke or coronary heart disease event.

Methods: In the Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction (PRIME) Study, a multicenter, observational, prospective cohort, 9601 men from France and Northern Ireland were surveyed for the occurrence of first coronary heart disease (n=647) and stroke events (n=136) over 10 years.

No increase in cancer incidence detected after cyclophosphamide in a French cohort of patients with progressive multiple sclerosis.

Background: Cyclophosphamide is still used in progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) in view of its suggested efficacy and safety in the short term. No data exist on its long-term safety in MS, particularly on the risk of malignancy.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate cancer incidence in MS after cyclophosphamide treatment.

Cancer-associated adipocytes exhibit an activated phenotype and contribute to breast cancer invasion.

Early local tumor invasion in breast cancer results in a likely encounter between cancer cells and mature adipocytes, but the role of these fat cells in tumor progression remains unclear. We show that murine and human tumor cells cocultivated with mature adipocytes exhibit increased invasive capacities in vitro and in vivo, using an original two-dimensional coculture system. Likewise, adipocytes cultivated with cancer cells also exhibit an altered phenotype in terms of delipidation and decreased adipocyte markers associated with the occurrence of an activated state characterized by overexpression of proteases, including matrix metalloproteinase-11, and proinflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β].

Increased risk of contralateral breast cancers among overweight and obese women: a time-dependent association.

Breast cancer (BC) survivors are at increased risk of second cancers. Obesity is commonly recognized as a risk factor of BC in postmenopausal period and a prognosis factor in BC regardless of menopausal status. Our aim was to study whether overweight BC survivors were at increased risk of contralateral BC (CBC).

First report of molecular characterization of fluoroquinolone-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from a Tunisian hospital.

Fluoroquinolones are increasingly used for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Our study was designed to determine the frequency of the emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates in a university hospital (Rabta University Hospital Tunis, Tunisia) and to characterize the mutations responsible for the resistance phenotype. A total of 495 clinical M.

[Stoutness and prognosis of female non-metastatic breast cancer: results from a French observational cohort study].

Aim: Our objective was to study the prognostic value of stoutness in non-metastatic breast cancer, from a population of French women.

Methods: We constituted a large observational cohort of patients followed since a first unilateral breast cancer without distant dissemination. Stoutness was assessed using the body mass index (BMI, in kg/m(2)) at the time of diagnosis.

Lumbar punctures: use and diagnostic efficiency in emergency medical departments.

Background: Lumbar punctures (LP) are regularly and effortlessly used in the emergency medical departments (EMD). LP use and efficiency have not been fully explored in the published literature.

Aims: The goal of this study was to assess in a French EMD, the frequency of use and the diagnostic efficiency of LP, the final diagnoses, and related medical practices.

Overweight, obesity and breast cancer prognosis: optimal body size indicator cut-points.

Background: Evidence from the data provided in numerous published articles indicates that obesity and overweight can have a negative prognosis role in breast cancer. However, different Body Size Indicators (BSI) and cut-points have been employed and may partly explain discrepancies between the findings of various studies.

Material And Methods: 14,709 women were recruited, treated and followed for a first unilateral breast cancer.

Is obesity an independent prognosis factor in woman breast cancer?

Background: Breast cancer and obesity represent important public health issues in most western countries. A number of studies found a negative prognosis effect of obesity or excess of weight in woman breast cancer. However, to date, this issue remains controversial.