We need to talk-how muscle stem cells communicate.

Skeletal muscle is one of the tissues with the highest ability to regenerate, a finely controlled process which is critically depending on muscle stem cells. Muscle stem cell functionality depends on intrinsic signaling pathways and interaction with their immediate niche. Upon injury quiescent muscle stem cells get activated, proliferate and fuse to form new myofibers, a process involving the interaction of multiple cell types in regenerating skeletal muscle.

The diagnostic challenge of lack of choline level elevation on 1H-MR spectroscopy in grade II-III gliomas.

The accurate diagnosis of brain tumour is very important in modern neuro-oncology medicine. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is supposed to be a promising tool for detecting cancerous lesions. However, the interpretation of MRS data is complicated by the fact that not all cancerous lesions exhibit elevated choline (Cho) levels.

Peritoneal Dialysis Technique Survival: A Cohort Study.

Rationale & Objective: Reasons for transfer from peritoneal dialysis (PD) to hemodialysis (HD) remain incompletely understood. Among incident and prevalent patients receiving PD, we evaluated the association of clinical factors, including prior treatment with HD, with PD technique survival.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

The use of MR perfusion parameters in differentiation between glioblastoma recurrence and radiation necrosis.

Introduction: This study focuses on the challenge of distinguishing between tumour recurrence and radiation necrosis in glioma treatment using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Currently, accurate differentiation is possible only through surgical biopsy, which is invasive and may cause additional damage. The study explores non-invasive methods using dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MR perfusion with parameters like relative peak height (rPH) and relative percentage of signal-intensity recovery (rPSR).

Anti-Cancer Prodrug Cyclophosphamide Exerts Thrombogenic Effects on Human Venous Endothelial Cells Independent of CYP450 Activation-Relevance to Thrombosis.

Cancer patients are at a very high risk of serious thrombotic events, often fatal. The causes discussed include the detachment of thrombogenic particles from tumor cells or the adverse effects of chemotherapeutic agents. Cytostatic agents can either act directly on their targets or, in the case of a prodrug approach, require metabolization for their action.

Surgical treatment of brainstem cavernomas using diffusion tensor imaging and diffusion tensor tractography.

Introduction: The aims of this study were to assess the prognosis of patients after a single haemorrhage from the cavernoma, and also in the case of rehaemorrhage, and to determine the indications for surgical treatment of brainstem cavernomas.

Material And Methods: The study included a group of 35 patients with brainstem cavernomas, 23 women and 12 men aged 27 to 57 years (mean age 38.4).

Mortality Predictive Value of the CHEST Score in Elderly Subjects with COVID-19-A Subanalysis of the COLOS Study.

Unlabelled: Senility has been identified among the strongest risk predictors for unfavorable COVID-19-outcome. However, even in the elderly population, the clinical course of infection in individual patients remains unpredictable. Hence, there is an urgent need for developing a simple tool predicting adverse COVID-19-outcomes.

Current approach to hepatobiliary manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including the two main subtypes - Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) - has a wide range of extra-intestinal manifestations (EIMs) that are major causes of morbidity and disability. The following EIMs can be classified as IBD-associated: mucocutaneous, ocular, pulmonary, renal, genitourinary, hematological, neurological, psychiatric, cardiac and hepatobiliary. The latter include primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), cholelithiasis, IgG4 associated cholangiopathy (IAC), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatitis B and C, and drug-induced hepatotoxicity.

Adipocyte Fatty Acid Binding Protein (A-FABP) as a Potential New Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Obesity - Associated Cancers.

Fatty acid binding protein A (A-FABP) is one of FABPs isoforms found mainly in adipose tissue and macrophages. It works through many integrated pathways, regulating inflammation and lipid metabolism, promoting glucose production, impairing insulin function, and contributing to diseases such as atherosclerosis and diabetes. A-FABP is upregulated in the adipose tissue of obese patients and its increased release into the bloodstream is positively associated with body mass index.

AdipoRon, an Orally Active, Synthetic Agonist of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 Receptors Has Gastroprotective Effect in Experimentally Induced Gastric Ulcers in Mice.

Introduction: Adiponectin is a hormone secreted by adipocytes, which exhibits insulin-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory properties and acts through adiponectin receptors: AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether activation of adiponectin receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 with an orally active agonist AdipoRon has gastroprotective effect and to investigate the possible underlying mechanism.

Methods: We used two well-established mouse models of gastric ulcer (GU) induced by oral administration of EtOH (80% solution in water) or diclofenac (30 mg/kg, p.

Carotid artery tortuosity may pose a problem during insertion of the tunneled catheter for hemodialysis.

Tortuosity of the carotid artery is usually an asymptomatic vascular abnormality and is discovered accidentally during cerebral angiography. These vascular changes may aggravate surgical procedures in the neck region. We described a technique of permanent catheter insertion in patients with renal graft failure in whom renal replacement therapy was necessary.

Influence of infiltration anaesthesia on perioperative outcomes following lumbar discectomy under surgical pleth index-guided general anaesthesia: A preliminary report from a randomised controlled prospective trial.

Purpose: Severe postoperative pain (SPP) may occur after lumbar discectomy. To prevent SPP and reduce rescue opioid consumption, infiltration anaesthesia (IA) has been combined with general anaesthesia (GA). This study verified how GA combined with IA facilitated intra- and postoperative demand for opioids and affected the incidence of SPP in patients subjected to open lumbar discectomy.

[Strategies in Crohn's disease treatment - "step-up" vs. "top-down"].

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic conditions that lead to serious complications and act to the detriment of quality of patients' lives. Etiology of IBD has not been precisely determined but it is assumed that IBD is caused by genetic, immune and environmental factors. The main target in current IBD treatment is the induction and maintenance of remission.

Biologic Therapy in Crohn's Disease-What We Have Learnt So Far.

Crohn's disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder from the group of inflammatory bowel diseases. The etiology of CD is not clear; currently, the interaction between the genetic, immunological and environmental factors is assumed as the cause of the disease. Partial knowledge of those factors has led to the development of drugs, which control the clinical symptoms and improve the overall condition of the infected; the main objective of the modern therapeutic strategies is the induction and maintenance of remission.

Inflammation, Cancer and Immunity-Implication of TRPV1 Channel.

Process of inflammation and complex interactions between immune and cancer cells within tumor microenvironment are known to drive and shape the outcome of the neoplastic disease. Recent studies increasingly show that ion channels can be used as potential targets to modulate immune response and to treat inflammatory disorders and cancer. The action of both innate and adaptive immune cells is tightly regulated by ionic signals provided by a network of distinct ion channels.

Simultaneous miRNA and mRNA Transcriptome Profiling of Differentiating Equine Satellite Cells Treated with Gamma-Oryzanol and Exposed to Hydrogen Peroxide.

Gamma-oryzanol (GO) is a popular supplement for performance horses, dogs, and humans. Previous studies indicated that GO supplementation decreases creatine kinase activity and lactate level after exercise and may affect oxidative stress in Thoroughbred horses. GO may change genes expression in equine satellite cells (ESC).

Adoptive cell transfer: new perspective treatment in veterinary oncology.

Cancer immunotherapy is recently considered the most promising treatment for human patients with advanced tumors and could be effectively combined with conventional therapies such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Patients with hematological malignancies and melanoma have benefited greatly from immunotherapies such as, adoptive cell transfer therapy, experiencing durable remissions and prolonged survival. In the face of increasing enthusiasm for immunotherapy, particularly for the administration of tumor-specific T lymphocytes, the question arises whether this method could be employed to improve treatment outcomes for canine patients.

Surgical treatment and prognosis of adult patients with brainstem gliomas.

The paper presents 47 adult patients who were surgically treated due to brainstem gliomas. Thirteen patients presented with contrast-enhancing Grades III and IV gliomas, according to the WHO classification, 13 patients with contrast-enhancing tumours originating from the glial cells (Grade I; WHO classification), 9 patients with diffuse gliomas, 5 patients with tectal brainstem gliomas and 7 patients with exophytic brainstem gliomas. During the surgical procedure, neuronavigation and the diffusion tensor tractography (DTI) of the corticospinal tract were used with the examination of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) with direct stimulation of the fundus of the fourth brain ventricle in order to define the localization of the nuclei of nerves VII, IX, X and XII.

Significance of Screening Tests and the Incidence of New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase-Producing Gram-negative Bacilli in the Surgery and Transplantation Wards of a Warsaw Medical Center During the Period From April 2014 to May 2017.

Background: The first New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM)-producing bacteria were isolated in 2008 in the world, and in 2011 in Poland. Due to the high clonal diversity (17 types) of their blaNDM gene, encoded on (Tn125-like) mobile genetic elements, these strains usually exhibit resistance to nearly all available antibiotics, which is particularly dangerous for organ transplant recipients.

Purpose: To assess of the prevalence of Gram-negative NDM-positive bacilli in surgery/transplantation wards of a teaching hospital in Warsaw and to ascertain the significance of screening tests on the rates and nature of colonization.

Surgical treatment of adult patients with thalamic tumors with the aid of tractography, fMRI, transcranial electrical stimulation and direct electrical stimulation of the subcortical white matter.

The aim of investigation was to assess treatment outcomes in adult patients with thalamic tumors, operated on with the aid of tractography (DTI) and monitoring of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) generated due to transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) and direct electrical stimulation (DES) of the subcortical white matter. 38 subsequent patients with thalamic tumors were operated on using tractography (DTI)-integrated neuronavigation, transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) and direct electrical stimulation (DES). The volumetric method was used to calculate pre- and postoperative tumor volume.

Effect of Selective Antibiotic Pressure on the MLS-B Phenotype in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Originating From Patients From Transplantation Wards: 24 Years of Observations.

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus infection, and health care-associated-methicillin resistant S aureus (HA-MRSA) in particular, is a serious risk for patients treated with organ transplantation. The frequent combined resistance of these bacteria to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin-B (MLS-B) limits the use of these drugs in therapy.

Aim: Evaluation of the mechanism of MLS-B resistance among HA-MRSA strains derived from patients treated in surgical-transplantation wards, over a 24-year period, and assessment of correlation of clindamycin use and resistance phenotype.

Priming of Adoptively Transferred T Cells with a RORγ Agonist Confers Durable Memory and Stemness .

Adoptive T-cell transfer therapy is an FDA- approved treatment for leukemia that relies on the expansion and reinfusion of a patient's immune cells, which can be engineered with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) for more efficient tumor recognition. Type 17 T cells, controlled transcriptionally by RORγ, have been reported to mediate potent antitumor effects superior to those observed with conventionally expanded T cells. Here, we demonstrate that addition of a synthetic, small-molecule RORγ agonist during expansion potentiates the antitumor activity of human Th17 and Tc17 cells redirected with a CAR.

Effect of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate on miRNA expression in differentiating equine satellite cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide.

Background: Skeletal muscle injury activates satellite cells to initiate processes of proliferation, differentiation, and hypertrophy in order to regenerate muscle fibers. The number of microRNAs and their target genes are engaged in satellite cell activation. β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is known to prevent exercise-induced muscle damage.

Human CD26 T cells elicit tumor immunity against multiple malignancies via enhanced migration and persistence.

CD8 T lymphocytes mediate potent immune responses against tumor, but the role of human CD4 T cell subsets in cancer immunotherapy remains ill-defined. Herein, we exhibit that CD26 identifies three T helper subsets with distinct immunological properties in both healthy individuals and cancer patients. Although CD26 T cells possess a regulatory phenotype, CD26 T cells are mainly naive and CD26 T cells appear terminally differentiated and exhausted.