Twelve tips for implementing and teaching anti-racism curriculum in medical education.

Racism has implicit and explicit manifestations that perpetuate disparities and negatively influence patient-centered health outcomes. Subsequently, a list of action items was provided to assist medical schools in becoming anti-racist institutions. A deep subject matter knowledge, beliefs, and reflections were a driving force for the management of medical schools or faculty members involved in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education to move forward toward inclusion of anti-racism in traditional medical curriculum or adapting existing training modules on diversity, equity, and inclusion.

Lung cancer screening in the healthcare system of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Lung cancer incidence in Bosnia and Hercegovina is high. The implementation of evidence-based lung cancer screening based on low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) may detect lung cancer early and decrease mortality specific to lung cancer. However, LDCT receipt may be unsatisfactory in Europe due to a low distribution of scanners and radiologists or poor access to care.

The Current State of Antiracism Curricula in Undergraduate and Graduate Medical Education: A Qualitative Study of US Academic Health Centers.

Purpose: We undertook a study to evaluate the current state of pedagogy on antiracism, including barriers to implementation and strengths of existing curricula, in undergraduate medical education (UME) and graduate medical education (GME) programs in US academic health centers.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with an exploratory qualitative approach using semistructured interviews. Participants were leaders of UME and GME programs at 5 institutions participating in the Academic Units for Primary Care Training and Enhancement program and 6 affiliated sites from November 2021 to April 2022.

Validation and the Reliability of the ACIC Questionnaire in the Primary Health Care Setting: a Study from Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Objective: The aim of this study was to carry out the cultural adaptation and validation of the Assessment of Chronic Illness Care questionnaire (ACIC) in the Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Methods: A validation study was conducted in two randomly selected primary health care centers in the Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, during March and April 2016. The study participants were all physicians working in family medicine departments during the study.

Serum Biomarkers Associated with Malnutrition and Nutritional Risk in Elderly Primary Care Patients: A Cross-sectional Study from Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the ability of ferritin, haemoglobin, albumin and total cholesterol to identify nutritional risk and malnutrition among elderly primary care patients.

Methods: The cross-sectional study included 446 elderly adults over 65 years of age from four areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition to anthropometric, functional, cognitive and biochemical indicators, nutritional status was evaluated using 24-hour recall of meals, the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), and Seniors in the Community: Risk Evaluation for Eating and Nutrition, Version II (SCREEN II).

Comparison of Seniors in the Community: Risk Evaluation for Eating and Nutrition, version II and Mini Nutritional Assessment - Short Form in detecting nutritional risk among community-dwelling seniors in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Objective: The aim of the current study is to compare Seniors in the Community: Risk Evaluation for Eating and Nutrition, version II (SCREEN II) and Mini Nutritional Assessment - Short Form (MNA-SF), where each is used to identify nutritional risk prevalence among community-dwelling people aged 65 years and above in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Design: A cross-sectional study. Nutritional risk assessed using the nutritionist's risk rating, anthropometric measurements, functional indicators, cognitive parameters, SCREEN II and MNA-SF.

Screening of undiagnosed depression among elderly primary care patients: a cross-sectional study from the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Aim To examine the prevalence of undiagnosed depression among primary care elderly patients in the entity of the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina) as well as the sociodemographic and clinical risk factors associated with depression. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between April and June 2019 in nine towns of the Republic of Srpska. The study sample included 1,198 primary care patients older than 65 years of age.

Correction to: Twenty-five years on: revisiting Bosnia and Herzegovina after implementation of a family medicine development program.

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors opted to correct the name of co-author Amra Zalihić from Zahilić to Zalihić. The original article has been corrected.

Twenty-five years on: revisiting Bosnia and Herzegovina after implementation of a family medicine development program.

Background: The wars that ravaged the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the 1990's resulted in the near destruction of the healthcare system, including education of medical students and the training of specialist physicians. In the latter stages of the war, inspired by Family Medicine programs in countries such as Canada, plans to rebuild a new system founded on a strong primary care model emerged. Over the next fifteen years, the Queen's University Family Medicine Development Program in Bosnia and Herzegovina played an instrumental role in rebuilding the primary care system through educational initiatives at the undergraduate, residency, Masters, PhD, and continuing professional development levels.

Handgrip Strength Cut-Off Values for the Undernutrition Risk Screening among Elderly Men and Women in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Objectives: To determine the optimal cut-off points of handgrip strength (HGS) to identify the undernutrition risk among individuals older than 65 years of age in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Towns of Sarajevo, Foca, Rogatica, and Pale in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Workplace Violence and Sanctioning of Family Medicine Physicians Due to the Rules of Health Insurance Funds in the Western Balkan.

Introduction: After family medicine's famous beginnings in the early 60's through introduction of the world's first family medicine specialization, with transitional changes and war also come changes in former Yugoslavia's healthcare systems.

Aim: The primary aim of this article is to analyze frequency and causes of sanctioning of family physicians by Health insurance funds in the countries of former Yugoslavia. The secondary aim is to evaluate frequency and types of workplace violence family physicians experienced due to insurance boundaries for patients.

Evaluation of biochemical markers effectiveness in elderly malnutrition assessment.

Aim To systematically review the scientific evidence of biomarker validity, reliability, specificity and sensitivity in identifying malnutrition in the elderly. Methods Peer-reviewed journals were searched using PUBMED and EBSCO from January 1998 to April 2018. The articles included description of the association between malnutrition blood biomarkers and validated nutritional status assessment instruments and studies were conducted among community-dwelling elderly or nursing home residents.

Comparison of Nutritional Status Between Nursing Home Residents and Community Dwelling Older Adults: a Cross-Sectional Study from Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the differences in nutritional status and risk for malnutrition between nursing home and community-dwelling residents.

Methods: Cross-sectional study included 146 nursing home residents and 300 community-dwelling elderly adults from four municipalities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Anthropometric measurements, biochemical analyses, nutritive, functional and cognitive assessments were carried out.

Competence-Based Curriculum Development in Nursing Education: A Story From the Western Balkans.

This article describes the process of competence-based curriculum development in nursing education at Western Balkan (WB) universities. Nursing education in the WB has been noncompliant with the standard educational approaches of the European Union's directive on regulated professions. The overall aim of the TEMPUS project "Competency-Based Curriculum Reform in Nursing and Caring in Western Balkan Universities" was to bring curricular reform for bachelor's nursing education in the WB region in line with competence-based education and professional standards to demonstrate compliance with all member countries of the European Union.

Health Literacy: Current Status and Challenges in the Work of Family Doctors in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Health literacy (HL) has become an important area of research. The aim of this study was to evaluate the HL of primary healthcare patients in the Republic of Srpska (RS), Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) and to identify socioeconomic and health factors associated with HL. This cross-sectional study among 768 patients was conducted in two healthcare centres between March and May 2017, using the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (S-TOFHLA).

Perceptions, attitudes, and expectation of baccalaureate nurses toward position of nursing in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Introduction: Numerous challenges and barriers have emerged since changing the minimum requirement for those interested in pursuing employment as a nurse in Europe to a baccalaureate degree. To analyze the perceptions of baccalaureate nurses regarding the current status of their profession and the issues involved in implementing the prerequisite of earning a baccalaureate degree in order to practice as nurses in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Methods: A series of six focus groups were undertaken with 49 baccalaureate nurses employed in primary health care centers and regional hospitals.

Factors influencing health profession students' willingness to practice in rural regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: The literature indicates different factors influencing recruitment of health professional students to work in rural areas. The purpose of this study is to explore the willingness of health profession students in the Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina to work in a rural area following graduation and the factors influencing incentives to pursue a rural career.

Methods: The cross-sectional study included first-year through sixth-year students aged 18 years or older and enrolled in one of three study programs at the Faculty of Medicine: medicine, dentistry and nursing.

Prevalence of non-carious cervical lesions among the general population of the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Introduction: As non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) may compromise aesthetics and function, knowledge of their aetiological covariables enhances management of clinical complaints and success of restorative treatments.

Aims: The primary aim of this study was to assess the presence of NCCLs among the general population of the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina and the potential association with patient-related risk factors.

Methods: A prevalence study of NCCLs included 738 respondents from eight towns/municipalities.

Assessment of hypertension chronic care model: Pacic application in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate patients' attitudes towards hypertension treatment according to the chronic care model and to assess the implementation of hypertension clinical guidelines in family medicine. The cross-sectional study was carried out in two randomly selected primary health care centers (Bijeljina and Prijedor), respectively in Bosnia and Herzegovina, covering the period between March and April 2016. This study sample consists of 791 respondents with hypertension purposing to measure specific actions and quality of care for hypertensive patients.

Outcomes of intrahospital antimicrobial stewardship programs related to prevention of Clostridium difficile infection outbreaks.

Aim To synthesize evidence about the influence of individual antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP) related to the prevention of Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) infection on primary and secondary outcomes. Methods Relevant databases such as Medline, PUBMED, COCHRANE library and EBSCO were searched from 1 April to 27 April 2017.

How common is Balkan endemic nephropathy among immigrants in endemic regions?

Purpose: In the early 1970s, a number of authors described the development of Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) in immigrants in endemic regions. The aim of this study was to examine whether immigrants in endemic regions are suffering from BEN today.

Methods: The study involved 193 residents of two endemic regions divided into three groups: two groups of native residents-(1) members of BEN families, (2) members of non-BEN families, and (3) immigrants, who had moved from non-affected settlements to the endemic regions of Kolubara (38 years ago) or Semberia (20 years ago).

Distribution of EGFR SNPs -191C/A and 181946G/A in patients with lung cancer depending on smoking status in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Purpose: To analyze the frequencies of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of EGFR gene, -191C/A and 181946G/A, among lung cancer patients from the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Hercegovina, as well as to assess the association of SNP genotypes with the cancer type and other demographic characteristics of patients, particularly with the smoking status.

Methods: This study enrolled 41 lung cancer patients from the territory of Republic Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Detection EGFR SNPs was performed using PCR-RFLP methodology.

A Questionnaire Study on the Attitudes and Previous Experience of Croatian Family Physicians toward their Preparedness for Disaster Management.

Objective: To explore family physicians' attitudes, previous experience and self-assessed preparedness to respond or to assist in mass casualty incidents in Croatia.

Methods: The cross-sectional survey was carried out during January 2017. Study participants were recruited through a Facebook group that brings together family physicians from Croatia.

Relationship Between Symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorders and Estrogen Levels in Women With Different Menstrual Status.

Aims: To evaluate whether serum estrogen level is associated with chronic pain, masticatory dysfunction, and depressive symptoms and/or somatization in women with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and different menstrual cycle status.

Methods: A total of 64 women were allocated into one of three groups: one composed of women with normal menstrual cycles (Group 1), one composed of pregnant women (Group 2), and one composed of women in surgical menopause (Group 3). All respondents underwent a standardized clinical examination with the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD).

Compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction among family physicians in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

. The aim of this study was to examine self-perceived compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction among family physicians in Bosnia and Herzegovina and describe potential contributing factors. .