Evaluation of pulpal blood flow during orthodontic space closure: Prospective clinical trial.

Introduction: Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a biological process that can affect the vascularization of the dental pulp. The forces exerted on the teeth may increase periapical pressure that could compress the arterioles, which in turn affects pulpal blood flow (PBF). The study aimed to investigate how OTM affects PBF during orthodontic space closure.

Effect of orthodontic space closure on dental pulp sensitivity. Prospective clinical trial.

Background: Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a biological process that can influence the function of the pulp, including its innervation. The excitability of the nerve fibres of the pulp may be altered by forces exerted on the nerve fibres or by reduced blood flow to the pulp. The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the sensitivity of the dental pulp during levelling and during the phase of space closure, to assess the role of certain controlled risk factors.

Three-dimensional assessment of palatal area changes after posterior crossbite correction with tooth-borne and tooth bone-borne rapid maxillary expansion.

Objectives: To assess and compare the three-dimensional treatment changes in palatal surface area and volume using either tooth-borne (TB) or tooth bone-borne (TBB) rapid maxillary expanders and to evaluate the long-term effects of the two devices and the incidence of the relapse between the groups.

Materials And Methods: A total of 52 consecutive patients who met the eligibility criteria were recruited and allocated to either the TB group, mean age 9.3 years (standard deviation [SD], 1.

Effects of low-level light therapy on xerostomia related to hyposalivation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.

Hyposalivation is a condition represented by a reduced salivary flow and may include symptoms such as mouth dryness (xerostomia), loss of taste, pain, dysphagia, and dysphonia, all of which greatly affect an individual's quality of life.The aim of the present study was to systematically review the effects of low-level light therapy irradiation (photobiomodulation) on salivary gland function in patients with hyposalivation.The main question of the systematic review was: "Does low-level light irradiation therapy of the salivary glands affect salivary flow rate or indicators of salivary function (ion and protein concentrations) in patients with xerostomia or hyposalivation?" The question was based on the PICO (participant, intervention, control, outcome) principle and followed the PRISMA guidelines.

Comparison Between Accuracy of Posts Fabricated Using a Digital CAD/CAM Technique and a Conventional Direct Technique.

Purpose: To compare the accuracy of posts fabricated using a conventional direct technique with casting to the accuracy of posts fabricated using a fully digital protocol with CAD/CAM technology and selective laser melting.

Materials And Methods: Ten extracted permanent maxillary incisors were endodontically treated and prepared for a post. For each tooth, two metal posts were fabricated, one by casting (Group C) and one by a fully digital protocol (Group D).

3D soft-tissue evaluation of a Class III treatment with rapid maxillary expander and face mask in pre-pubertal phase-A retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: The aim of this prospective controlled study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the rapid maxillary expander (RME) and face mask treatment using three-dimensional soft-tissue facial characteristics of pre-pubertal Class III children.

Setting And Sample Population: CLIII and non-CLIII groups, both of 32 white children aged 6-8 years participated.

Material And Methods: Facial surface images were obtained using stereophotogrammetry at T0 and T1 and were superimposed.

Three-dimensional evaluation of forced unilateral posterior crossbite correction in the mixed dentition: a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the three-dimensional (3D) treatment changes (palatal surface area and volume) of forced unilateral posterior crossbite correction using either quad-helix or removable expansion plate appliances in the mixed dentition, and to compare the treatment changes with the three-dimensional changes occurring in age-matched untreated unilateral posterior crossbite patients as well as in subjects with normal occlusion and with no or mild orthodontic treatment need.

Trial Design: Six-arm parallel group multicentre randomized controlled trial.

Materials And Methods: One-hundred and thirty-five patients with unilateral posterior crossbite with functional shift were recruited.

Palatal morphology in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients: Association with infant cleft dimensions and timing of hard palate repair.

Objectives: To assess the impact of cleft severity and timing of hard palate repair on palatal dimensions in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) children.

Setting And Sample Population: Single-centre analysis within a multicenter RCT of primary surgery; 122 UCLP randomized to early hard palate closure (EHPC) at 12 months or delayed hard palate closure (DHPC) at 36 months; 28 frequency-matched controls.

Methods: Linear measurements of palatal height, width and length were performed on 116 digital models of UCLP subjects (8.

Three-dimensional ultrasound evaluation of tongue posture and its impact on articulation disorders in preschool children with anterior open bite.

Background Tongue posture plays an important role in the etiology of anterior open bite (AOB) and articulation disorders, and is crucial for AOB treatment planning and posttreatment stability. Clinical assessment of tongue posture in children is unreliable due to anatomical limitations. The aim of the study was to present functional diagnostics using three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) assessment of resting tongue posture in comparison to clinical assessment, and the associations between the improper tongue posture, otorhinolaryngological characteristics, and articulation disorders in preschool children with AOB.

Three-dimensional assessment of back symmetry in subjects with unilateral functional crossbite during the pre-pubertal growth phase: a controlled study.

Background/objectives: Since a high prevalence of back anomalies has been reported among subjects with crossbite, the aim was to assess the degree of back symmetry among subjects with (crossbite) and without (control) unilateral functional crossbite during the pre-pubertal growth phase.

Methods: A group of 70 subjects (36 boys, 34 girls; 6.8 ± 1.

Nanoparticle concentrations and composition in a dental office and dental laboratory: A pilot study on the influence of working procedures.

During material treatment in dentistry particles of different size are released in the air. To examine the degree of particle exposure, air scanning to dental employees was performed by the Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer. The size, shape and chemical composition of particles collected with a low-pressure impactor were determined by scanning electronic microscopy and X-ray dispersive analysis.

Three-dimensional evaluation of the maxillary arch and palate in unilateral cleft lip and palate subjects using digital dental casts.

Objectives: To assess arch width, palatal surface area, and volume in surgically treated unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) in mixed dentition children in comparison with non-cleft lip and palate (NCLP) children using a 3D laser scanning.

Materials And Methods: 38 subjects (Caucasian origin), 5.63-11.

Three-dimensional Analysis of Normal Facial Morphologies of Asians and Whites: A Novel Method of Quantitative Analysis.

Unlabelled: The purpose of this study is to compare 3-dimensional facial averages of Asians (Koreans and Chinese) and Houstonian white faces using a (3-dimensional) surface imaging system.

Methods: Three-dimensional images of Korean adults (Seoul, Korea) with class I malocclusion captured using the 3dMDface. The images of 138 Koreans were processed to generate average male and female facial shells using Rapidform 2006 plus pack 2 software and then superimposed and compared with the average shells of Chinese adults (Xi' An, China) and white adults (Houston, Tex.

Facial soft tissue changes during the pre-pubertal and pubertal growth phase: a mixed longitudinal laser-scanning study.

Background/objectives: Facial soft tissues changes during growth roughly tend to mimic the underlying hard tissues, but not completely. The aim of this mixed longitudinal study was to assess facial growth among pre-pubertal and pubertal subjects without malocclusion using a non-invasive three-dimensional laser scanning system.

Subjects/methods: Fifty-nine subjects (30 females and 29 males) aged at baseline 5.

Diagnosis of Class III malocclusion in 7- to 8-year-old children--a 3D evaluation.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterize facial and jaw morphology of children with Class III malocclusion in early mixed dentition.

Methods: This study was conducted on 7- to 8-year-old Caucasian children, 48 children with Class III malocclusion and 91 children with normal occlusion. Surface images of faces and study casts were obtained using laser scanning.

[How to push the limits in the transverse dimension? Facial asymmetry, palatal volume and tongue posture in children with unilateral posterior cross bite: a three-dimensional evaluation of early treatment].

Unilateral posterior crossbites have been reported to be one of the most prevalent malocclusions of the primary dentition in Caucasian children. Facial asymmetry due to lateral mandibular displacement in unilateral posterior crossbite, if not treated in the primary dentition period, may lead to an undesirable growth modification which results in facial asymmetry of skeletal origin. Irregular tongue function and posture have also been diagnosed as important etiological factors.

Three-dimensional assessment of facial asymmetry among pre-pubertal class III subjects: a controlled study.

Background/objective: Facial asymmetry is very common in adult class III patients; however, the degree of facial asymmetry in growing class III subjects has been poorly investigated. Therefore, the aim was to assess the degree of facial asymmetry of growing class III subjects and to compare it with a sample of growing subjects without malocclusion, recorded using a three-dimensional laser scanning method and classified according to the dentition phase.

Subjects/methods: A group of 156 Caucasian subjects, 52 with class III malocclusion (28 females and 24 males) and 104 without malocclusion (control, 51 females and 53 males), with an overall mean age 6.

A 2D ultrasound evaluation of swallowing in children with unilateral posterior crossbite.

Background: Swallowing pattern is important in the aetiology of unilateral posterior crossbite (ULCB). The aim of this study was to assess the swallowing pattern and tongue function during swallowing in children with ULCB in deciduous dentition using B-mode and M-mode ultrasonography.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-three children with ULCB, aged 4.

A controlled study of the functional and morphological characteristics of malocclusion in prematurely born subjects with low birth weight.

Background/objectives: Prematurely born children show significant delay in many areas of physical development, including the orofacial structures. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of premature birth on the prevalence of functional and morphological characteristics of malocclusion in the deciduous dentition phase, considering also confounding variables, such as type of feeding and oral habits.

Material/methods: Through questionnaires and clinical examinations of 80 prematurely born subjects (42 females, 38 males, aged 24.

Three-dimensional assessment of palatal change in a controlled study of unilateral posterior crossbite correction in the primary dentition.

The aim of this study was to quantify the palatal change in three groups of children: children with a unilateral posterior crossbite (TCB) who were treated, children with untreated unilateral posterior crossbite (UCB), and children without a crossbite (NCB). Study casts of 60 Caucasian children in the primary dentition (20 TCB, 20 UCB, and 20 NCB), aged 5.4 ± 0.

Diagnostic performance of 3-dimensional evaluation of palatal vault changes in assessing successful treatment of constricted maxilla in growing subjects.

Introduction: The success of maxillary expansion should not be assessed solely by the elimination of the teeth in crossbite; it should also be defined as the reestablishment of normal maxillary growth. The aim of this research was to quantify longitudinal palatal changes in children treated for maxillary constriction associated with functional crossbite.

Methods: The subjects included 48 white children (mean age, 5.

Influence of sucking habits and breathing pattern on palatal constriction in unilateral posterior crossbite--a controlled study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of prolonged sucking habits and mouth breathing on palatal vault morphology in a group of subjects with unilateral functional crossbite [crossbite (CB) group] compared with a group of subjects with normal occlusion [non-crossbite (NCB) group]. A sample of 80 Caucasian subjects (51 CB and 29 NCB; aged 5.3 ± 0.

Three-dimensional evaluation of facial asymmetry in association with unilateral functional crossbite in the primary, early, and late mixed dentition phases.

Objective: To assess the degree of facial asymmetry associated with subjects with unilateral functional crossbite (CB) in the primary, early/intermediate, and late mixed dentition phases in comparison with a group of subjects without CB.

Subjects And Methods: A group of 234 white subjects, 78 with CB (42 girls and 36 boys) and 156 without CB (73 girls and 83 boys), aged 3.9-11.

Three-dimensional evaluation of facial morphology in children aged 5-6 years with a Class III malocclusion.

The aim of this study was to evaluate facial morphology in 25 Class III and 46 non-Class III children aged 5-6 years using three-dimensional (3D) laser imaging; 3D facial images were obtained, two average facial templates were constructed for the non-Class III male and female groups, each individual face was superimposed on the corresponding average template and group comparisons were evaluated (facial height, facial convexity, mandibular position and facial surface morphology). Differences between parameters were evaluated by using an analysis of variance and colour deviation maps. The results showed that Class III children had less mid-face prominence and a concave facial profile when compared to non-Class III children (P = 0.

The association of tongue posture with the dentoalveolar maxillary and mandibular morphology in Class III malocclusion: a controlled study.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of tongue posture with the dentoalveolar maxillary and mandibular morphology in a group of Class III subjects in comparison to a group of Class I subjects. Twenty Class III subjects (9 males, 11 females, 19.2 ± 4.