A simplified bacterial community found within the epidermis than at the epidermal surface of atopic dermatitis patients and healthy controls.

There has been considerable research into the understanding of the healthy skin microbiome. Similarly, there is also a considerable body of research into whether specific microbes contribute to skin disorders, with atopic dermatitis (AD) routinely linked to increased Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) colonisation.

Altered Maturation of the Skin Microbiome in Infants with Atopic Dermatitis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the early-life development of the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis. Nineteen infants with atopic dermatitis and 19 healthy infants were evaluated 3 times, at 3 months intervals, within the first 30 months of life. Tape-strips were collected from volar forearms, cheeks, and eczema lesions, and the skin microbiome was assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing.

Temporal and Spatial Variation of the Skin-Associated Bacteria from Healthy Participants and Atopic Dermatitis Patients.

Several factors have been shown to influence the composition of the bacterial communities inhabiting healthy skin, with variation between different individuals, differing skin depths, and body locations (spatial-temporal variation). Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin disease also affecting the skin-associated bacterial communities. While the effects of AD have been studied on these processes individually, few have considered how AD disrupts the spatial-temporal variation of the skin bacteria as a whole (i.

Skin Microbiome in Patients with Hand Eczema and Healthy Controls: A Three-week Prospective Study.

The pathogenesis of chronic hand eczema remains unclear. Insights into the skin microbiome in hand eczema and its potential relevance to disease severity may help to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of hand eczema. The aim of this study was to characterize the microbiome in patients with hand eczema and healthy controls.

Targeted Screening of Lactic Acid Bacteria With Antibacterial Activity Toward Clonal Complex Type 1 Associated With Atopic Dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease characterized by an epidermal barrier impairment, as well as a Th2/Th22-skewed immune response, both favoring skin colonization with . Colonization is strongly related to severity of the disease, and a reduction of has been found to alleviate symptoms. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produce antimicrobial compounds such as organic acids and bacteriocins and are widely used as probiotics.

Transcriptomic Profiling of Tape-Strips From Moderate to Severe Atopic Dermatitis Patients Treated With Dupilumab.

Background: Tape-strips are a minimally invasive approach to characterize skin biomarkers in atopic dermatitis (AD). However, they have not yet been used for tracking gene expression changes with systemic treatment.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate gene expression changes and therapeutic response biomarkers in AD patients before and after dupilumab (interleukin 4Rα antibody) treatment using tape-strips to obtain epidermal tissue for analysis.

Changes in Skin and Nasal Microbiome and Staphylococcal Species Following Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis with Dupilumab.

Investigation of changes in the skin microbiome following treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) with dupilumab may provide valuable insights into the skin microbiome as a therapeutic target. The aim of this study is to assess changes in the AD skin microbiome following treatment of AD with dupilumab ( = 27). E-swabs were collected from nose, lesional, and nonlesional skin before and after 16 weeks of dupilumab therapy, and the microbiome was analyzed by 16S rRNA and gene sequencing.

Hand eczema and temporal variation of Staphylococcus aureus clonal complexes: A prospective observational study.

Background: Hand eczema (HE) is frequently associated with Staphylococcus aureus; however, its role in the pathogenesis of HE is poorly understood.

Objective: To investigate the temporal variation in S aureus subtypes, ie, clonal complex (CC) types, on the hands and relate it to S aureus colonization in the nose and severity in a cohort of HE patients.

Methods: S aureus from the hands and nose of 50 adult HE patients and 50 controls was prospectively identified at 5 visits over 3 weeks.

Immunoinflammatory Biomarkers in Serum Are Associated with Disease Severity in Atopic Dermatitis.

Background: A growing body of evidence links various biomarkers to atopic dermatitis (AD). Still, little is known about the association of specific biomarkers to disease characteristics and severity in AD.

Objective: To explore the relationship between various immunological markers in the serum and disease severity in a hospital cohort of AD patients.

Staphylococcal Communities on Skin Are Associated with Atopic Dermatitis and Disease Severity.

The skin microbiota of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients is characterized by increased colonization, which exacerbates disease symptoms and has been linked to reduced bacterial diversity. Skin bacterial communities in AD patients have mostly been described at family and genus levels, while species-level characterization has been limited. In this study, we investigated the role of the bacteria belonging to the genus using targeted sequencing of the gene with genus-specific primers.

Identification of cutaneous fungi and mites in adult atopic dermatitis: analysis by targeted 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) patients have an altered skin bacterial community, with an abundance of Staphylococcus aureus associated with flares, highlighting that microbial organisms may be important for disease exacerbation. Despite strong evidence of association between bacterial skin colonisation and AD, very limited knowledge regarding the eukaryotic microbial community, including fungi and ectoparasites, in AD exists. In this study, we compared the skin and nasal eukaryotic microbial community between adult AD patients (n = 55) and non-AD healthy controls (n = 45) using targeted 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing.

Cytokine concentration across the stratum corneum in atopic dermatitis and healthy controls.

Tape stripping is a promising technique for assessment of epidermal biomarkers in inflammatory skin diseases. However, to facilitate its implementation in the clinical practice, a thorough validation regarding sampling strategy is needed. Knowledge of biomarkers variation in concentration across stratum corneum is scarce.

Comparing DADA2 and OTU clustering approaches in studying the bacterial communities of atopic dermatitis.

The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) is not yet fully understood, but the bacterial composition of AD patients' skin has been shown to have an increased abundance of . More recently, coagulase-negative (CoNS) species were shown to be able to inhibit , but further studies are required to determine the effects of community variation in AD. Here we investigated whether analysing metabarcoding data with the more recently developed DADA2 approach improves metabarcoding analyses compared to the previously used operational taxonomic unit (OTU) clustering, and can be used to study community dynamics.

Tape-Strip Proteomic Profiling of Atopic Dermatitis on Dupilumab Identifies Minimally Invasive Biomarkers.

Tape-stripping is a minimally invasive approach for skin sampling that captures the cutaneous immune/barrier abnormalities in atopic dermatitis (AD). However, tape-strips have not been used to evaluate molecular changes with therapeutic targeting. In this study, we sought to characterize the proteomic signature of tape-strips from AD patients, before and after dupilumab therapy.

Colonization with Staphylococcus aureus in patients with hand eczema: Prevalence and association with severity, atopic dermatitis, subtype and nasal colonization.

Background: While Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) colonization has been thoroughly studied in atopic dermatitis (AD), where S. aureus is related to flares and considered a trigger factor, S.

Advancement through epidermis using tape stripping technique and Reflectance Confocal Microscopy.

The tape stripping technique is increasingly used in research regarding skin barrier function. However, number of tape strips varies between studies, and literature considering advancement into stratum corneum/epidermis in relation to number of tape strips is scarce. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the advancement through epidermis using tape stripping technique in healthy volunteers.

Determinants of disease severity among patients with atopic dermatitis: association with components of the atopic march.

We aimed to explore the association of key clinical characteristics with disease severity in atopic dermatitis (AD) and its relation to components of the atopic march in a large hospital cohort. Outpatients with AD referred to the Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, between January 2012 and December 2017, were compared based on disease severity (SCORAD); mild (< 25), moderate (25-50) and severe (> 50). A total of 470 AD patients were included: 122 small children (< 4 years of age), 103 children/adolescents (age 4-15 years) and 245 adults (> 15 years of age).

Use of Complementary and Alternative Therapies in Outpatients with Atopic Dermatitis from a Dermatological University Department.

Background: Treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) may be challenging, therefore some patients seek complementary and alternative medications (CAM). We determined prevalence and predictors for CAM use in a hospital cohort of AD patients.

Material And Methods: Between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2017, AD patients referred to the dermatological outpatient clinic at Bispebjerg Hospital were included in the study.

Tattoos and skin barrier function: Measurements of TEWL, stratum corneum conductance and capacitance, pH, and filaggrin.

Background: Initially after tattooing, the skin barrier function is broken. However, the long-term impact of clinically healed tattoos on this has never been studied. The aim was to investigate the long-term effect on the skin barrier function in normal tattoos and examples of tattoos with chronic inflammatory complication.

Measurements of AMPs in stratum corneum of atopic dermatitis and healthy skin-tape stripping technique.

Decreased levels of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in atopic dermatitis (AD) have previously been reported and have been linked to the increased susceptibility to skin infections found in AD patients. This study intents to identify AMPs: hBD-2, hBD-3, RNase7, psoriasin and LL-37 in AD patients and healthy controls, and determine concentrations in consecutive depths of the outer most skin layers. Tape stripping was used on lesional and non-lesional skin.

Association of Disease Severity With Skin Microbiome and Filaggrin Gene Mutations in Adult Atopic Dermatitis.

Importance: Skin microbiome correlates with disease severity for lesional and nonlesional skin, indicating a global influence of atopic dermatitis (AD). A relation between skin microbiome and filaggrin gene (FLG) mutations proposes a possible association between skin microbiome and host genetics.

Objectives: To assess skin and nasal microbiome diversity and composition in patients with AD and compare with healthy controls, and to investigate the microbiome in relation to disease severity and FLG mutations in patients with AD.

Genomic analysis reveals different mechanisms of fusidic acid resistance in Staphylococcus aureus from Danish atopic dermatitis patients.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization is common in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and is associated with risk of skin infections. AD patients therefore often receive antibiotic treatments, including topical treatment with fusidic acid, which have been associated with resistance development.

Objectives: To examine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in S.

Current knowledge on biomarkers for contact sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis.

Contact sensitization is common and affects up to 20% of the general population. The clinical manifestation of contact sensitization is allergic contact dermatitis. This is a clinical expression that is sometimes difficult to distinguish from other types of dermatitis, for example irritant and atopic dermatitis.