Blood pressure cut-offs to diagnose impending hypertensive emergency depend on previous hypertension-mediated organ damage and comorbid conditions.

Background Hypertensive emergencies (HTN-E) are important due to a high risk of mortality. However, a sudden increase in blood pressure (BP) can damage target organs before the BP reaches cut-offs to diagnose HTN-E. We (i) analyse HTN guidelines for recommendations of treatment individualization, such as adjusting BP cut-offs for hypertensive urgency or impending HTN-E according to patient's susceptibility to complications (because of previous hypertension-mediated organ damage [HMOD], cardiovascular events and comorbid conditions), and (ii) provide a rationale for the inclusion of patient's susceptibility in protocols for treatment of acute HTN-E.

Colicins and Microcins Produced by : Characterization, Mode of Action, and Putative Applications.

are widely present in many environments related to humans, including the human body and the food that they consume, from both plant or animal origin. Hence, they are considered relevant members of the gastrointestinal tract microbiota. On the other hand, these bacteria are also recognized as putative pathogens, able to impair human health and, in food, they are considered indicators for the microbiological quality and hygiene status of a production process.

A Discrepancy: Calcium Channel Blockers Are Effective for the Treatment of Hypertensive Left Ventricular Hypertrophy but Not as Effective for Prevention of Heart Failure.

Arterial hypertension (HTN) is important due to its high prevalence, morbidity, and mortality rates. Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are the first-line antihypertensive drugs. HTN can lead to heart failure (HF) by causing hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy (HTN LVH).

Less Known but Clinically Relevant Comorbidities of Atrial Fibrillation: A Narrative Review.

Background: The important risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF) in the general population are not always equally important in specific and relatively prevalent diseases.

Objective: The main goal of this narrative review is to focus attention on the presence and the relationship of AF with several important diseases, such as cancer or sepsis, in order to: 1) stimulate further research in the field, and 2) draw attention to this relationship and search for AF in clinical practice.

Methods: We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, Elsevier, Wiley, Springer, Oxford Journals, Cambridge, SAGE, and Google Scholar for less-known comorbidities of AF.

Beta Blockers can Mask not only Hypoglycemia but also Hypotension.

Background: Beta-adrenergic (β-AR) receptor blockers (BBs) are an essential class of drugs as they have numerous indications. On the other hand, they have numerous unwanted effects that decrease the compliance, adherence, and persistence of this very useful group of drugs.

Objective: The paper aims to analyze the possibility that an unnoticed side effect may contribute to a less favorable pharmacologic profile of BBs, e.

Rationale for the Concept of Impending Hypertension-Mediated Organ Damage.

Background: The number of patients with hypertension urgencies (HTN-Us) and emergencies (HTN-Es) in the emergency department is relatively constant despite improved detection, awareness and control of arterial hypertension.

Objective: This study analyses the precision of the often-used definition of HTN-E, particularly the phrase 'with the evidence of impending or progressive hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD)'. We then provide a rationale for the concept of impending HMOD.

Contraindications Differ Widely Among Beta Blockers and Ought to be Cited for an Individual Drug, Not for the Entire Class.

Beta blockers (BBs) have important side effects that contribute to low adherence and persistence. Therefore, the optimal choice of BB is an important mode to prevent BB's side effects, leading to an increase in compliance, which can improve the outcomes in BBs' evidence-based indications, such as acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, etc. The aim of the paper is to suggest an improved method of reporting contraindications for BBs.

Single prognostic cut-off value for admission glycemia in acute myocardial infarction has been used although high-risk stems from hyperglycemia as well as from hypoglycemia (a narrative review).

All original articles and meta-analysis use the single cut-off value to distinguish high-risk hyperglycemic from other acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. The mortality rate is 3.9 times higher in non-diabetic AMI patients with admission glycemia ≥6.

Beta blocker rebound phenomenon is important, but we do not know its definition, incidence or optimal prevention strategies.

The aim of this review is to analyze whether there is a need for scientific information about the beta blocker (BB) rebound phenomenon; whether such information is available; and, if it is, how detailed is the BB rebound phenomenon explained in the guidelines and papers? A narrative review is used due to the lack of valid randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on the topic, which are needed for a meta-analysis. The BB rebound phenomenon can have dangerous consequences. The discontinuation of a BB leads to a fourfold increased risk of events related to coronary artery disease in hypertensive patients; it increases in-hospital mortality in heart failure patients; it can precipitate angina pectoris attack; and it increases the risk for death and rehospitalization in patients who survive acute myocardial infarction.

Should Cushing's Syndrome be Considered as a Disease with High Cardiovascular Risk in Relevant Guidelines?

A considerable amount of data supports a 1.8-7.4-fold increased mortality associated with Cushing's syndrome (CS).