Altered hierarchical auditory predictive processing after lesions to the orbitofrontal cortex.

Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is classically linked to inhibitory control, emotion regulation, and reward processing. Recent perspectives propose that the OFC also generates predictions about perceptual events, actions, and their outcomes. We tested the role of the OFC in detecting violations of prediction at two levels of abstraction (i.

Attentional modulation of beta-power aligns with the timing of behaviorally relevant rhythmic sounds.

It is largely unknown how attention adapts to the timing of acoustic stimuli. To address this, we investigated how hemispheric lateralization of alpha (7-13 Hz) and beta (14-24 Hz) oscillations, reflecting voluntary allocation of auditory spatial attention, is influenced by tempo and predictability of sounds. We recorded electroencephalography while healthy adults listened to rhythmic sound streams with different tempos that were presented dichotically to separate ears, thus permitting manipulation of spatial-temporal attention.

Monitoring of Self-Paced Action Timing and Sensory Outcomes After Lesions to the Orbitofrontal Cortex.

Anticipation, monitoring, and evaluation of the outcome of one's actions are at the core of proactive control. Individuals with lesions to OFC often demonstrate behaviors that indicate a lack of recognition or concern for the negative effects of their actions. Altered action timing has also been reported in these patients.

The brain tracks auditory rhythm predictability independent of selective attention.

The brain responds to violations of expected rhythms, due to extraction- and prediction of the temporal structure in auditory input. Yet, it is unknown how probability of rhythm violations affects the overall rhythm predictability. Another unresolved question is whether predictive processes are independent of attention processes.

Preservation of Interference Effects in Working Memory After Orbitofrontal Damage.

Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is implicated in multiple cognitive processes, including inhibitory control, context memory, recency judgment, and choice behavior. Despite an emerging understanding of the role of OFC in memory and executive control, its necessity for core working memory (WM) operations remains undefined. Here, we assessed the impact of OFC damage on interference effects in WM using a Recent Probes task based on the Sternberg item-recognition task (1966).

Individual differences in resting-state pupil size: Evidence for association between working memory capacity and pupil size variability.

Dynamic non-luminance-mediated changes in pupil diameter have frequently been shown to be a reliable index for the level of arousal, mental effort, and activity in the locus coeruleus, the brainstem's noradrenergic arousal center. While pupillometry has most commonly been used to assess the level of arousal in particular psychological states or the level of engagement in cognitive tasks, some recent studies have found a relationship between average resting-state (i.e.

Ocular signatures of proactive versus reactive cognitive control in young adults.

During the execution of a cognitive task, the brain maintains contextual information to guide behavior and achieve desired goals. The AX-Continuous Performance Task is used to study proactive versus reactive cognitive control. Young adults tend to behave proactively in standard testing conditions.