Transcriptome analysis reveals mechanisms of metabolic detoxification and immune responses following farnesyl acetate treatment in Metisa plana.

Metisa plana is a widespread insect pest infesting oil palm plantations in Malaysia. Farnesyl acetate (FA), a juvenile hormone analogue, has been reported to exert in vitro and in vivo insecticidal activity against other insect pests. However, the insecticidal mechanism of FA on M.

Proteomic map of the differentially expressed proteins in the skin of against infection.

The skin mucus of fish is an important part of the innate immune system, which is poorly understood at the proteomic level. The study established a complete map of the proteins in the skin mucus of () and discussed the Differentially Expressed Proteins (DEPs) after () infection. Using Label Free Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, a total of 126 proteins were identified as differentially expressed, 89 proteins of which were upregulated, and 37 proteins were downregulated.

Proteomic profile of epidermal mucus from reveals differentially abundant proteins after infection.

We report the proteomic profile of Epidermal Mucus (EM) from and identified the differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) against infection through label-free liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Using discovery-based proteomics, a total of 2039 proteins were quantified in nontreated group and 1,328 proteins in the treated group, of which 114 were identified as DAPs in both the groups. Of the 114 DAPs, 68 proteins were upregulated and 46 proteins were downregulated in the treated group compared to nontreated group.

Bactericidal role of epidermal mucus of freshwater fish treated with Aeromonas hydrophila.

This study explored the bactericidal role of the epidermal mucus (EM) of five freshwater Cyprinid fish species namely Ctenopharyngodon idella, Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, and Cirrhinus mrigala after treatment with Aeromonas hydrophila. Extracts of EM (crude and acidic) of each species showed bactericidal activity against various Gram -ve (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Salmonella enterica, Klebsiella pneumonia, Serratia marcescens, and Enterobacter cloacae) and Gram +ve (Bacillus wiedmannii and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria compared with standard antibiotics (Fosfomycin). The zone of inhibition (ZOI) was measured in millimetres against antibiotics (Fosfomycin).

A Review on Digestive System of as Potential Target to Develop Control Strategies.

commonly known as red palm weevil (RPW), is a high-risk insect pest that has become a threat to many important palm species. There are several dominant factors that lead to the successful infestation of RPW, including its stealthy lifestyle, highly chitinized mouthpart, and high fecundity rate. Due to that, millions of dollars of losses have been suffered by many countries invaded by RPW.

Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Reveals Key Regulatory Genes in Hormone Pathways.

Walker (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) is a major oil palm pest species distributed across Southeast Asia. outbreaks are regarded as serious ongoing threats to the oil palm industry due to their ability to significantly reduce fruit yield and subsequent productivity. Currently, conventional pesticide overuses may harm non-target organisms and severely pollute the environment.

Ensemble-based, high-throughput virtual screening of potential inhibitor targeting putative farnesol dehydrogenase of Metisa plana (Lepidoptera: Psychidae).

Metisa plana (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) bagworm is a leaf-eater caterpillar ubiquitously found as a damaging pest in oil palm plantations, specifically in Malaysia. Various strategies have been implemented, including the usage of chemical insecticides. However, the main challenges include the development of insecticide resistance and its detrimental effects on the environment and non-target organisms.

Isolation, purification and biochemical characterization of Conopomorpha cramerella farnesol dehydrogenase.

In Southeast Asia, Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen) which is commonly known as the cocoa pod borer (CPB) moth has been identified as the most detrimental pest of Theobroma cacao L. Apart from the various side effects on human health and non-target organisms, heavily relying on synthetic pyrethroid insecticides to control CPB infestations also increases the environmental contamination risks. Thus, developing biorational insecticides that minimally affect the non-target organism and environment by targeting the insect growth regulation process is needed to manage the pest population.

Proteomics and Interspecies Interaction Analysis Revealed Abscisic Acid Signalling to Be the Primary Driver for Oil Palm's Response against Red Palm Weevil Infestation.

The red palm weevil (RPW; Olivier (Coleoptera Curculionidae)) is an invasive insect pest that is difficult to manage due to its nature of infesting the host palm trees from within. A holistic, molecular-based approach to identify proteins that correlate with RPW infestation could give useful insights into the vital processes that are prevalent to the host's infestation response and identify the potential biomarkers for an early detection technique. Here, a shotgun proteomic analysis was performed on oil palm (; OP) under untreated (control), wounding by drilling (wounded), and artificial larval infestation (infested) conditions at three different time points to characterise the RPW infestation response at three different stages.

Molecular characterization and enzyme inhibition studies of NADP+- farnesol dehydrogenase from diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae).

Juvenile hormone III (JH III) plays an important role in insect reproduction, development, and behavior. The second branch of JH III production includes oxidation of farnesol to farnesal by farnesol dehydrogenase. This study reported the identification and characterization of Plutella xylostella farnesol dehydrogenase (PxFoLDH).

Purification, biochemical characterisation and bioinformatic analysis of recombinant farnesol dehydrogenase from Theobroma cacao.

The juvenile hormones (JH) in plants are suggested to act as a form of plant defensive strategy especially against insect herbivory. The oxidation of farnesol to farnesoic acid is a key step in the juvenile hormone biosynthesis pathway. We herein present the purification and characterisation of the recombinant Theobroma cacao farnesol dehydrogenase enzyme that catalyses oxidation of farnesol to farnesal.

Toxicity and Sublethal Effect of Farnesyl Acetate on Diamondback Moth, (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae).

The diamondback moth, (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is the most important pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the properties of selected farnesyl derivative compounds against .

The Developmental Transcriptome of Bagworm, (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) and Insights into Chitin Biosynthesis Genes.

Bagworm, (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) is a ubiquitous insect pest in the oil palm plantations. infestation could reduce the oil palm productivity by 40% if it remains untreated over two consecutive years. Despite the urgency to tackle this issue, the genome and transcriptome of have not yet been fully elucidated.

Data on RNA-seq analysis of the cocoa pod borer pest (Snellen) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae).

Cocoa bean ( L.) is part of the global cocoa and chocolate industry valued at 44 billion US dollars in 2019. Cocoa pod borer (CPB), is a major pest of cocoa in Malaysia and Indonesia that is responsible for the decline for cocoa production.

Physical and Physiological Monitoring on Red Palm Weevil-Infested Oil Palms.

The red palm weevil (RPW) is a stem boring Coleoptera that decimates host palm trees from within. The challenge of managing this pest is due to a lack of physical symptoms during the early stages of infestation. Investigating the physiological changes that occur within RPW-infested palm trees may be useful in establishing a new approach in RPW detection.

Site-directed mutagenesis of β sesquiphellandrene synthase enhances enzyme promiscuity.

The chemical formation of terpenes in nature is carried out by terpene synthases as the main biocatalysts to guide the carbocation intermediate to form structurally diverse compounds including acyclic, mono- and multiple cyclic products. Despite intensive study of the enzyme active site, the mechanism of specific terpene biosynthesis remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that a single mutation of the amino acid L454G or L454A in the active site of Persicaria minor β-sesquiphellandrene synthase leads to a more promiscuous enzyme that is capable of producing additional hydroxylated sesquiterpenes such as sesquicineole, sesquisabinene hydrate and α-bisabolol.

Proteomics as a tool for tapping potential of entomopathogens as microbial insecticides.

Biopesticides are collective pest control harnessing the knowledge of the target pest and its natural enemies that minimize the risks of synthetic pesticides. A subset of biopesticides; bioinsecticides, are specifically used in controlling insect pests. Entomopathogens (EPMs) are micro-organisms sought after as subject for bioinsecticide development.

Proteomics in Systems Biology.

Proteomics is the study of proteins, the workhorses of cells. Proteins can be subjected to various post-translational modifications, making them dynamic to external perturbation. Proteomics can be divided into four areas: sequence, structural, functional and interaction and expression proteomics.

Structural and kinetic studies of a novel nerol dehydrogenase from Persicaria minor, a nerol-specific enzyme for citral biosynthesis.

Geraniol degradation pathway has long been elucidated in microorganisms through bioconversion studies, yet weakly characterised in plants; enzyme with specific nerol-oxidising activity has not been reported. A novel cDNA encodes nerol dehydrogenase (PmNeDH) was isolated from Persicaria minor. The recombinant PmNeDH (rPmNeDH) is a homodimeric enzyme that belongs to MDR (medium-chain dehydrogenases/reductases) superfamily that catalyses the first oxidative step of geraniol degradation pathway in citral biosynthesis.

Purification and biochemical characterization of recombinant -sesquiphellandrene synthase.

Background: Sesquiterpenes are 15-carbon terpenes synthesized by sesquiterpene synthases using farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) as a substrate. Recently, a sesquiterpene synthase gene that encodes a 65 kDa protein was isolated from the aromatic plant . Here, we report the expression, purification and characterization of recombinant sesquiterpene synthase protein (PmSTS).

Novel NAD+-Farnesal Dehydrogenase from Polygonum minus Leaves. Purification and Characterization of Enzyme in Juvenile Hormone III Biosynthetic Pathway in Plant.

Juvenile Hormone III is of great concern due to negative effects on major developmental and reproductive maturation in insect pests. Thus, the elucidation of enzymes involved JH III biosynthetic pathway has become increasing important in recent years. One of the enzymes in the JH III biosynthetic pathway that remains to be isolated and characterized is farnesal dehydrogenase, an enzyme responsible to catalyze the oxidation of farnesal into farnesoic acid.

Purification and Characterization of a Novel NAD(P)+-Farnesol Dehydrogenase from Polygonum minus Leaves.

Juvenile hormones have attracted attention as safe and selective targets for the design and development of environmentally friendly and biorational insecticides. In the juvenile hormone III biosynthetic pathway, the enzyme farnesol dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of farnesol to farnesal. In this study, farnesol dehydrogenase was extracted from Polygonum minus leaves and purified 204-fold to apparent homogeneity by ion-exchange chromatography using DEAE-Toyopearl, SP-Toyopearl, and Super-Q Toyopearl, followed by three successive purifications by gel filtration chromatography on a TSK-gel GS3000SW.

Gene cloning and biochemical characterization of 4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase II from Pseudomonas sp. 13CM.

The gene encoding 4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase (TMABaldehyde-DH) from Pseudomonas sp. 13CM, responsible for the conversion of 4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde (TMABaldehyde) to γ-butyrobetaine in the carnitine biosynthesis pathway, isolated by shotgun cloning and expressed in Escherichia coli DH5α. The recombinant TMABaldehyde-DH was purified 19.

Monoterpene alcohol metabolism: identification, purification, and characterization of two geraniol dehydrogenase isoenzymes from Polygonum minus leaves.

NADP(+)-dependent geraniol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.

4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase: purification and characterization of an enzyme from Pseudomonas sp. 13CM.

4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas sp. 13CM was purified 14-fold to apparent homogeneity by hydrophobic chromatography on a Phenyl-Toyopearl, and affinity chromatography was done on a 5'-AMP Sepharose4B in the presence of dithiothreitol. The enzyme was found to be a trimer with identical 55 kDa subunits.