Beyond human perception: challenges in AI interpretability of orangutan artwork.

Drawings serve as a profound medium of expression for both humans and apes, offering unique insights into the cognitive and emotional landscapes of the artists, regardless of their species. This study employs artificial intelligence (AI), specifically Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and the interpretability tool Captum, to analyse non-figurative drawings by Molly, an orangutan. The research utilizes VGG19 and ResNet18 models to decode seasonal nuances in the drawings, achieving notable accuracy in seasonal classification and revealing complex influences beyond human-centric methods.

[How to promote medical biology to medical students: interest of interactive clinical cases in biological laboratory].

Despite its central role in modern medicine, medical biology tends to attract fewer future physicians. The reasons for this disinterest are varied: a lack of awareness about the specialty among students, the medico-technical nature of the field, the financialization of private healthcare structures, and regulatory requirements, such as the implementation of demanding quality systems that distance students from medical issues. Since the 2018-2019 academic year, a medical biology workshop has been integrated into the problem-based learning sessions of semiology for second-year medical students (DFGSM2) at the Health Faculty of Caen.

Acute leukemia in children: evaluating the necessity of routine biochemical analysis of cerebrospinal fluid.

Unlabelled: Biochemical analyses of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are routinely performed at diagnosis in many pediatric oncology and hematology centers when acute leukemia is diagnosed. However, the clinical relevance of these analyses remains unclear. We conducted a retrospective analysis of biochemical CSF data from children diagnosed with acute leukemia at two French hospitals between 2016 and 2023 assessing the results in relation to the presence or absence of leukemic neuromeningeal involvement and the correlation between cytological and biochemical analyses.

[Updates on hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and HCL-like disorders].

Hairy cell proliferations represent very different entities. They include hairy cell leukemia in its classic form (HCL), a well-defined entity, but also the variant form of HCL (LT-V ou HCL-V), whose presentation is far from HCL and whose prognosis is poorer. Other hairy cell proliferations include splenic red pulp lymphoma (SDRPL) and splenic marginal zone lymphomas (SMZL) with circulating villous cells.

Hairy cell leukemia 2024: Update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and treatment-Annual updates in hematological malignancies.

Disease Overview: Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and HCL-like disorders, including HCL variant (HCL-V) and splenic diffuse red pulp lymphoma (SDRPL), are a very heterogenous group of mature lymphoid B-cell disorders characterized by the identification of hairy cells, a specific genetic profile, a different clinical course and the need for appropriate treatment.

Diagnosis: Diagnosis of HCL is based on morphological evidence of hairy cells, an HCL immunologic score of 3 or 4 based on the CD11c, CD103, CD123, and CD25 expression, the trephine biopsy which makes it possible to specify the degree of tumoral bone marrow infiltration and the presence of BRAF somatic mutation.

Risk Stratification: Progression of patients with HCL is based on a large splenomegaly, leukocytosis, a high number of hairy cells in the peripheral blood, and the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene mutational status.

Untangling hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) variant and other HCL-like disorders: Diagnosis and treatment.

The variant form of hairy cell leukaemia (HCL-V) is a rare disease very different from hairy cell leukaemia (HCL), which is a very well-defined entity. The 5th WHO edition (Leukemia, 36, 2022 and 1720) classification (WHO-HAEM5) introduced splenic lymphomas/leukaemias including four different entities: (1) HCL, (2) splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) with circulating villous cells in the peripheral blood, (3) splenic lymphoma with prominent nucleolus (SLPN), which replaced HCL-V and CD5 negative B-prolymphocytic leukaemia (B-PLL), and (4) splenic diffuse red pulp lymphoma (SDRPL). All these entities have to be distinguished because of a different clinical course and the need for a different treatment.

Hairy cell leukaemia with unusual BRAF mutations.

Hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) diagnosis is based on the morphologic detection of circulating abnormal hairy cells in the peripheral blood and/or bone marrow, an HCL immunological score of 3 or 4 based on the expression of the CD11c, CD25, CD103 and CD123 and also the presence of a BRAF V600E activating mutation in the B-raf proto-oncogene (BRAF gene) (7q34). When using new generation sequencing of 21 targeted genes in 124 HCL patients, we identified a cohort of 6/124 (2%) patients with unusual BRAF mutations: two patients presented non-V600 mutations (BRAF F595L, BRAF W604L respectively) and four other patients silent BRAF mutations. When using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) three of the four patients with concomitant BRAF V600E and silent mutation were negative.

Exportin 1-mediated nuclear/cytoplasmic trafficking controls drug sensitivity of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Exportin 1 (XPO1) is the main nuclear export receptor that controls the subcellular trafficking and the functions of major regulatory proteins. XPO1 is overexpressed in various cancers and small inhibitors of nuclear export (SINEs) have been developed to inhibit XPO1. In primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) and classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL), the XPO1 gene may be mutated on one nucleotide and encodes the mutant XPO1 .

Novel targeted treatments in hairy cell leukemia and other hairy cell-like disorders.

In the category of mature B-cell neoplasms, splenic B-cell lymphoma and leukemia were clearly identified and include four distinct entities: hairy cell leukemia (HCL), splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL), splenic diffuse red pulp lymphoma (SDRPL) and the new entity named splenic B-cell lymphoma/leukemia with prominent nucleoli (SBLPN). The BRAF mutation is detected in nearly all HCL cases and offers a possibility of targeted therapy. BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) represent effective and promising therapeutic approaches in patients with relapsed/refractory HCL.

A 3-decade multicenter European experience with cladribine as upfront treatment in 384 patients with hairy cell leukemia.

Cladribine is regarded as the first treatment of choice for symptomatic hairy cell leukemia. This large international study reports a complete response in 72% of cases and a continuous complete response in 20% of patients.

Hairy cell leukemia: a specific 17-gene expression signature points to new targets for therapy.

Background: Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare chronic B cell malignancy, characterized by infiltration of bone marrow, blood and spleen by typical "hairy cells" that bear the BRAFV600E mutation. However, in addition to the intrinsic activation of the MAP kinase pathway as a consequence of the BRAFV600E mutation, the potential participation of other signaling pathways to the pathophysiology of the disease remains unclear as the precise origin of the malignant hairy B cells.

Materials And Methods: Using mRNA gene expression profiling based on the Nanostring technology and the analysis of 290 genes with crucial roles in B cell lymphomas, we defined a 17 gene expression signature specific for HCL.

Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL) and HCL Variant: Updates and Spotlights on Therapeutic Advances.

Purpose Of Review: This article aims to bring an update on the recent discoveries in hairy cell leukemia (HCL), especially findings in pathophysiology and therapeutic advances.

Recent Findings: Major discoveries have been made in genetics and epigenetics of HCL. Moreover, the importance of several signaling pathways and tumor microenvironment has been recently highlighted.

Immunophenotypic Analysis of Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL) and Hairy Cell Leukemia-like (HCL-like) Disorders.

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is characterized by abnormal villous lymphoid cells that express CD103, CD123, CD25 and CD11c. HCL-like disorders, including hairy cell leukemia variant (vHCL) and splenic diffuse red pulp lymphoma (SDRPL), have similar morphologic criteria and a distinct phenotypic and genetic profile. We investigated the immunophenotypic features of a large cohort of 82 patients: 68 classical HCL, 5 vHCL/SDRPL and 9 HCL-like NOS.

Hairy cell leukemia 2022: Update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and treatment.

Disease Overview: Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and HCL-like disorders, including HCL variant (HCL-V) and splenic diffuse red pulp lymphoma (SDRPL), are a very heterogeneous group of mature lymphoid B-cell disorders characterized by the identification of hairy cells, a specific genetic profile, a different clinical course, and the need for appropriate treatment.

Diagnosis: Diagnosis of HCL is based on morphological evidence of hairy cells, an HCL immunologic score of 3 or 4 based on the CD11C, CD103, CD123, and CD25 expression, the trephine biopsy which makes it possible to specify the degree of tumoral medullary infiltration and the presence of BRAF somatic mutation.

Risk Stratification: Progression of patients with HCL is based on a large splenomegaly, leukocytosis, a high number of hairy cells in the peripheral blood, and the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene mutational status.

[Hairy cell leukemia: What are the best treatment options for relapsed or refractory patients?].

Hairy cell leukemia is a rare form of leukemia: three hundred new cases are diagnosed each year in France. The diagnosis is based on: (1) morphological examination of the blood and bone marrow smear, (2) analysis by flow cytometry of hairy cells, which express three or the four following markers: CD11c, CD25, CD103 and CD123, (3) identification of the BRAF mutation, a true molecular marker of the disease. The management of treatment has evolved considerably in recent years.

A population-based study of hairy cell leukemia over a period of 20 years.

There are limited population-based studies of hairy cell leukemia (HCL), a rare chronic lymphoproliferative disorder of B-cells. We conducted a population-based study that included all patients diagnosed with HCL between 1996 and 2016 in Western Normandy. Recorded data focused on medical history, clinical presentation, biological results, treatment modalities in the first line and in relapsed/refractory patients and the occurrence of secondary malignancies.

[Polymyalgia rheumatic and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia].

Introduction: Myelodysplasia (MDS) can occur as systemic manifestations such as connective tissue diseases or vasculitis. Rheumatological manifestations are also described in such context. Herein, we report the observation of a patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) who developed systemic manifestations: polymyalgia rheumatica and pericarditis.

ROS Overproduction Sensitises Myeloma Cells to Bortezomib-Induced Apoptosis and Alleviates Tumour Microenvironment-Mediated Cell Resistance.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell neoplasm that remains incurable due to innate or acquired resistance. Although MM cells produce high intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), we hypothesised that they could remain sensitive to ROS unbalance. We tested if the inhibition of ROS, on one hand, or the overproduction of ROS, on the other, could (re)sensitise cells to bortezomib (BTZ).

Hairy cell leukemia: 2020 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment.

Disease Overview: Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and HCL-like disorders, including HCL variant (HCL-V) and splenic diffuse red pulp lymphoma (SDRPL), are a very heterogeneous group of mature lymphoid B-cell disorders. They are characterized by the identification of hairy cells, a specific genetic profile, a different clinical course and the need for appropriate treatment.

Diagnosis: Diagnosis of HCL is based on morphological evidence of hairy cells, an HCL immunologic score of three or four based on the CD11C, CD103, CD123, and CD25 expression.