Lichen-derived compounds show potential for central nervous system therapeutics.

Background: Natural products from lichens are widely investigated for their biological properties, yet their potential as central nervous system (CNS) therapeutic agents is less explored.

Purpose: The present study investigated the neuroactive properties of selected lichen compounds (atranorin, perlatolic acid, physodic acid and usnic acid), for their neurotrophic, neurogenic and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activities.

Methods: Neurotrophic activity (neurite outgrowth) was determined using murine neuroblastoma Neuro2A cells.

Comparison of short-axis out-of-plane versus long-axis in-plane ultrasound-guided radial arterial cannulation in adult patients: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The current available literature is not unanimous in reporting the utility of short-axis and long-axis techniques for radial artery cannulation in both adults and children. This study was designed to compare short-axis out-of-plane (SA-OOP) and long-axis in-plane (LA-IP) techniques in ultrasound-guided radial artery cannulation in adults.

Methods: In this prospective randomized controlled trial, 150 adult patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-III aged between 18 and 70 years were included.

Influences of exogenous melatonin on the oocyte growth and oxidative status of ovary during different reproductive phases of an annual cycle in carp Catla catla.

The present study aimed to evaluate antioxidant role of melatonin in determining seasonality of ovarian growth in adult carp Catla catla. Accordingly, an identical regimen of exogenous melatonin administration (100 μg/100 g body weight per day for 15 days) was followed during the preparatory, prespawning, and spawning phases of an annual reproductive cycle. The study did not include postspawning phase, when the ovaries were completely regressed and devoid of any healthy growing follicles.

Goal directed fluid therapy decreases postoperative morbidity but not mortality in major non-cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background And Aims: Optimum perioperative fluid administration may improve postoperative outcome after major surgery. This meta-analysis and systematic review has been aimed to determine the effect of dynamic goal directed fluid therapy (GDFT) on postoperative morbidity and mortality in non-cardiac surgical patients.

Material And Methods: Meta-analysis of published prospective randomized controlled trials where GDFT based on non-invasive flow based hemodynamic measurement has been compared with a standard care.

Insights into the epigenetic mechanisms involving histone lysine methylation and demethylation in ischemia induced damage and repair has therapeutic implication.

Cerebral ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Therapeutic interventions to minimize ischemia-induced neural damage are limited due to poor understanding of molecular mechanisms mediating complex pathophysiology in stroke. Recently, epigenetic mechanisms mostly histone lysine (K) acetylation and deacetylation have been implicated in ischemic brain damage and have expanded the dimensions of potential therapeutic intervention to the systemic/local administration of histone deacetylase inhibitors.

Sirtuin 1 and 7 mediate resveratrol-induced recovery from hyper-anxiety in high-fructose-fed prediabetic rats.

Hyperglycaemia in diabetes is either caused by reduced availability of insulin (type 1 diabetes, T1D) or insulin resistance to the cells (type 2 diabetes, T2D). In recent years, the prevalence of T2D has increased to an alarming proportion, encompassing 95 percent of the total diabetic burden, probably due to economy-driven changes in lifestyle. Recent epidemiological studies show comorbid depression, anxiety and related mental illness.

Laryngeal mask airway ProSeal provides higher oropharyngeal leak pressure than i-gel in adult patients under general anesthesia: a meta-analysis.

Study Objective: i-gel is a single-use supraglottic airway device that has a gastric drain tube similar to laryngeal mask airway (LMA) ProSeal. Randomized trials, when compared i-gel with LMA ProSeal, reported a differing results. Primary objective of this study is to compare LMA ProSeal and i-gel in terms of oropharyngeal leak pressure.

Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest is not associated with favorable neurological outcome: a meta-analysis.

Background: Cardiac arrest is associated with very high mortality and causes neurological dysfunction in the survivors. Therapeutic hypothermia is one of the recommended modality in the postarrest management. However, recent findings question its benefit in postarrest management.

Comparison of high-flow nasal oxygen therapy with conventional oxygen therapy and noninvasive ventilation in adult patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: A meta-analysis and systematic review.

Purpose: The role of high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) therapy in adult patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure is controversial.

Methods: This meta-analysis of prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has been designed to compare HFNO with noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and conventional oxygen therapy in such patients.

Results: Initial database searching revealed 336 RCTs, of which 7 were included in this meta-analysis.

Efficacy of epidural local anesthetic and dexamethasone in providing postoperative analgesia: A meta-analysis.

Background: Dexamethasone is a potent anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antiemetic drug. Individual randomized controlled trials found a possible benefit of epidural dexamethasone. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to estimate the benefit of epidural dexamethasone on postoperative pain and opioid consumption and to formulate a recommendation for evidence-based practice.

Monoamine oxidase B gene variants associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the Indo-Caucasoid population from West Bengal.

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by symptoms of inattention, excessive motor activity and impulsivity detected mostly during childhood. These traits are known to be controlled by monoamine neurotransmitters, chiefly dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine. Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) and B (MAOB), two isoenzymes bound to the outer membrane of mitochondria, are involved in the degradation of monoamines and were explored for association with ADHD in different ethnic groups.

Synthesis of the C9-C25 Subunit of Spirastrellolide B.

The synthesis of the C9-C25 subunit of the marine natural product spirastrellolide B is reported. The key synthetic features included the union of the two key fragments 5 and 6 via a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction and a late-stage, one-pot sequential deprotection/cascade Achmatowicz rearrangement-spiroketalization to install the key spirocyclic intermediate present in the C9-C25 fragment of spirastrellolide B. The synthesis of the C9-C16 fragment 6 was accomplished via a phosphate tether mediated ring-closing metathesis (RCM), a subsequent hydroboration-oxidation protocol, followed by other stereoselective transformations in a facile manner.

The Dopamine Receptor D5 May Influence Age of Onset: An Exploratory Study on Indo-Caucasoid ADHD Subjects.

The objective was to investigate contribution of the dopamine receptor 5 (DRD5) gene variants in the symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) probands since brain regions identified to be affected in these group of patients have higher expression of the DRD5 receptor. Out of 22 exonic variants, 19 were monomorphic in the Indo-Caucasoid individuals. rs6283 "C" and rs113828117 "A" exhibited significant higher occurrence in families with ADHD probands.

The Role of Melatonin as a Hormone and an Antioxidant in the Control of Fish Reproduction.

Reproduction in most fish is seasonal or periodic, and the spawning occurs in an appropriate season to ensure maximum survival of the offspring. The sequence of reproductive events in an annual cycle is largely under the control of a species-specific endogenous timing system, which essentially relies on a well-equipped physiological response mechanism to changing environmental cues. The duration of solar light or photoperiod is one of the most predictable environmental signals used by a large number of animals including fish to coordinate their seasonal breeding.

Comparison of Ondansetron and Dexamethasone for Prophylaxis of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgeries: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background. Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a significant complication after laparoscopic surgeries. Ondansetron and dexamethasone are most commonly used drugs for PONV prophylaxis.

Dextrose-containing intraoperative fluid in neonates: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Glucose requirement in neonates during surgery and the impact of glucose supplementation on neonatal metabolism remain unclear.

Aim: This study was designed to identify an appropriate perioperative fluid regimen in neonates which maintains carbohydrate and lipid homeostasis.

Methods: Forty-five neonates undergoing primary repair of a trachea-esophageal fistula were randomly allocated into three groups.

Granisetron versus Granisetron-Dexamethasone for Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Pediatric Strabismus Surgery: A Randomized Double-Blind Trial.

Aim. Efficacy of granisetron and combination of granisetron and dexamethasone was evaluated for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in children undergoing elective strabismus surgery. Methods.

Expression of two insulin receptor subtypes, insra and insrb, in zebrafish (Danio rerio) ovary and involvement of insulin action in ovarian function.

Present study reports differential expression of the two insulin receptor (IR) subtypes in zebrafish ovary at various stages of follicular growth and potential involvement of IR in insulin-induced oocyte maturation. The results showed that mRNA expression for IR subtypes, insra and insrb, exhibited higher levels in mid-vitellogenic (MV) and full-grown (FG) rather than pre-vitellogenic (PV) oocytes. Interestingly, compared to the levels in denuded oocytes, mRNAs for both insra and insrb were expressed at much higher level in the follicle layer harvested from FG oocytes.