Risk of bleeding with the concurrent use of amiodarone and DOACs: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: Amiodarone is frequently prescribed alongside direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in atrial fibrillation (AF). There are concerns regarding drug-drug interactions (DDIs) between amiodarone and DOACs. The literature is conflicting on the clinical implications of this DDI, hence we conducted a meta-analysis to compare bleeding risk among patients receiving DOACs, with and without concurrent amiodarone.

Photoswitchable glycoligands targeting LecA.

Biofilm formation is one of main causes of bacterial antimicrobial resistance infections. It is known that the soluble lectins LecA and LecB, produced by , play a key role in biofilm formation and lung infection. Bacterial lectins are therefore attractive targets for the development of new antibiotic-sparing anti-infective drugs.

sp-Iminosugar azobenzene O-glycosides: Light-sensitive glycosidase inhibitors with unprecedented tunability and switching factors.

The conventional approach to developing light-sensitive glycosidase activity regulators, involving the combination of a glycomimetic moiety and a photoactive azobenzene module, results in conjugates with differences in glycosidase inhibitory activity between the interchangeable E and Z-isomers at the azo group that are generally below one-order of magnitude. In this study, we have exploited the chemical mimic character of sp-iminosugars to access photoswitchable p- and o-azobenzene α-O-glycosides based on the gluco-configured representative ONJ. Notably, we achieved remarkably high switching factors for glycosidase inhibition, favoring either the E- or Z-isomer depending on the aglycone structure.

Synthesis and Characterization of a [1,2,6]Diazaphosphonine Oxide: An Example of a Photoswitchable Phosphorus-Containing Cyclic Azobenzene.

We report herein the synthesis and characterization of a phosphorus-containing cyclic azobenzene as a new photoswitchable scaffold. This backbone reveals high bidirectional photoswitching yields and high thermal stability for both isomers, with > 90 days at 60 °C. Both - and -isomers have been characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography.

C-Symmetric Luminescent Diketone with Amido-Linkage as a Polymorphic Fluorescence Emitter.

The study introduces a novel C-symmetric β-diketone compound, BTA-D3, and its monomeric counterpart, D, with a focus on their synthetic procedure, photophysical properties and aggregation behavior. Both compounds exhibit characteristic absorption and weak fluorescence in solution, with BTA-D3 displaying higher absorption coefficients due to its larger number of diketone units. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations suggest increased co-planarity of diketone groups in BTA-D3.

One-Pot Synthesis of Water-Soluble Glycosyl Azobenzenes and Their Photoswitching Properties in Water.

Molecular photoswitches capable of reversible photoswitching in aqueous media are highly demanded for various biological applications and photopharmacology. Carbohydrates, as natural and abundant raw materials, provide opportunity to make photoswitches water-soluble through linking sugar to the photoswitching molecules. We have developed a one-pot synthesis method to prepare water-soluble glycosyl azobenzenes through DMC (2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride)-mediated glycosylation between sugar and dihydroxyazobenzenes (DHABs) in aqueous media.

Competitive Photoisomerization and Energy Transfer Processes in Fluorescent Multichromophoric Systems.

Multichromophoric systems showing both fluorescence and photoisomerization are fascinating, with complex interchromophoric interactions. The experimental and theoretical study of a series of compounds, bearing a variable number of 4-dicyanomethylene-2-tert-butyl-6-(p-(N-(2-azidoethyl)-N-methyl)aminostyryl)-4H-pyran (DCM) units are reported. The photophysical properties of multi-DCM derivatives, namely 2DCM and 3DCM, were compared to the single model azido-functionalized DCM, in the E and Z isomers.

Synthesis and Azobenzene Isomerization Investigation of Photoswitchable Glycomacrocycles.

Macrocyclic glycoazobenzenes, as an emerging class of photoswitchable chiral macrocyclic compounds, have shown interesting properties since their discovery in 2017. We have recently employed the azobenzene-ester-linked glycosyl donor-acceptor pairs to study the influence of photoisomerization on intramolecular glycosylation. To continue the investigation on the stereoselectivity aspect of glycosylation and also to enlarge the diversity of photoswitchable glycomacrocycles, we have chosen azobenzene-triazole linkers in the present study and shown that the stereoselectivity of the glycosylation is dependent on the linker length, the configuration of the azobenzene template, as well as the reaction concentration.

Photoisomerization of a 4-dicyanomethylene-2-methyl-6-(-dimethylaminostyryl)-4-pyran analog dye: a combined photophysical and theoretical investigation.

A combination of experimental and theoretical investigations of a photoisomerizable analog of 4-dicyanomethylene-2-methyl-6-(-dimethylaminostyryl)-4-pyran (DCM) dye molecule is presented. We provide evidence that the 4 main isomers and conformers of DCM contribute to its photochemical and photophysical processes. The absorption and emission spectra, as well as time-resolved fluorescence experimental results, are discussed and compared to DFT/TDDFT calculations.

Triazonine-based bistable photoswitches: synthesis, characterization and photochromic properties.

We disclose here dibenzotriazonines as a new class of nine-membered cyclic azobenzenes displaying a nitrogen function in the saturated ring chain. The specific features of these compounds are (i) a preferred -configuration, (ii) high bi-directional photoswitching and (iii) good thermal stability of both - and -forms.

Versatile one-pot synthesis of gold nanoclusters and nanoparticles using 3,6-(dipyridin-2-yl)-(1,2,4,5)-tetrazine.

A one-pot synthesis of gold nano-objects is described by simply mixing a gold salt (HAuCl), dodecanethiol and 3,6-di-2-pyridyl-1,2,4,5-tetrazine. When a large excess of thiol is used, gold nanoclusters of 2 nm are obtained in a large amount and with a narrow size distribution. The reaction mechanism was investigated by absorption and emission spectroscopies and shows the formation of dihydrotetrazine acting as the reductant of Au(iii) to make Au(0).

Glycomacrocycle-Based Azobenzene Derivatives as Chiral Dopants for Photoresponsive Cholesteric Liquid Crystals.

We demonstrate photoresponsive cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) doped with glycomacrocyclic azobenzene derivatives, which exhibit large conformational changes, providing dynamic control of helical superstructures in response to a light stimulus. An unprecedented shortening of the helical pitch length and the empowerment of helical twisting power up to 500% are observed upon () to () photoisomerization. Light-driven dynamic helix twisting and untwisting behavior affords the first example of glycomacrocyclic azobenzene-based CLCs, which can drive the mechanical movement of micro-objects.

Photophysical Properties of 4-Dicyanomethylene-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylamino-styryl)-4H-pyran Revisited: Fluorescence versus Photoisomerization.

Invited for the cover of this issue are Juan Xie, Rémi Métivier and co-workers at Université Paris-Saclay and Università di Bologna. The image depicts the fluorescence of the DCM molecule reported in this manuscript. Read the full text of the article at 10.

Photophysical Properties of 4-Dicyanomethylene-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylamino-styryl)-4H-pyran Revisited: Fluorescence versus Photoisomerization.

Although 4-dicyanomethylene-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylamino-styryl)-4H-pyran (DCM) has been known for many decades as a bright and photostable fluorophore, used for a wide variety of applications in chemistry, biology and physics, only little attention has been paid so far to the presence of multiple isomers and conformers, namely s-trans-(E), s-cis-(E), s-trans-(Z), and s-cis-(Z). In particular, light-induced E-Z isomerization plays a great role on the overall photophysical properties of DCM. Herein, we give a full description of a photoswitchable DCM derivative by a combination of structural, theoretical and spectroscopic methods.

Stereoselective synthesis and properties of glycoazobenzene macrocycles through intramolecular glycosylation.

An intramolecular glycosylation strategy was used to synthesize a series of new glycoazobenzene macrocycles with high α-selectivity and interesting chiroptical properties. The photoisomerization of an azobenzene template influences mainly the efficiency of the glycosylation.

Cyclodextrin-Based Peptide Self-Assemblies (Spds) That Enhance Peptide-Based Fluorescence Imaging and Antimicrobial Efficacy.

As a result of their high specificity for their corresponding biological targets, peptides have shown significant potential in a range of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. However, their widespread use has been limited by their minimal cell permeability and stability in biological milieus. We describe here a hepta-dicyanomethylene-4-pyran appended β-cyclodextrin () that acts as a delivery enhancing "host" for 1-bromonaphthalene-modified peptides, as demonstrated with peptide probes .

Synthesis and characterization of various 5'-dye-labeled ribonucleosides.

Hitherto unknown chromophoric nucleosides are reported. This novel set of visibly coloured dye-labeled 5'-nucleosides, including 1,2,4,5-tetrazine, dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran, benzophenoxazinone, 9,10-anthraquinone and azobenzene chromophores, were prepared mainly under Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The design criteria are outlined.

Photoswitchable Carbohydrate-Based Macrocyclic Azobenzene: Synthesis, Chiroptical Switching, and Multistimuli-Responsive Self-Assembly.

A one-pot O-alkylation mediated macrocyclization approach has been used for the synthesis of carbohydrate-based macrocyclic azobenzene. The synthesized macrocycle can be reversibly isomerized between E and Z isomers upon UV or visible irradiation with excellent photostability and thermal stability (t =51 days at 20 °C for the Z isomer). A chirality transfer from the chiral sugar unit to azobenzene was observed by circular dichroism (CD).

Universal real-time PCR assay for quantitation and size evaluation of residual cell DNA in human viral vaccines.

Residual host cellular DNA (rcDNA) is one of the principal risk associated with continuous cell lines derived medicines such as viral vaccines. To assess rcDNA degradation, we suggest two quantitative real-time PCR assays designed to separately quantify target sequences shorter and longer than the 200 bp risk limit, the relative abundance of both targets reflecting the extent of rcDNA fragmentation. The conserved multicopy ribosomal 18S RNA gene was targeted to detect host cell templates from most mammalian cell substrates commonly used in the manufacture of human viral vaccines.

Fluorogenic supramolecular complexes formed between pyrenyl-β-cyclodextrin and glyco-rhodamine for the selective detection of lectins.

Fluorogenic supramolecular complexes formed between tubular-shaped pyrenyl-β-cyclodextrins and glyco-rhodamine are determined to respond to a selective lectin with 'turn-on' fluorescence with excellent selectivity over a range of competing species.

Multichromophoric sugar for fluorescence photoswitching.

A multichromophoric glucopyranoside 2 bearing three dicyanomethylenepyran (DCM) fluorophores and one diarylethene (DAE) photochrome has been prepared by Cu(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition reaction. The fluorescence of 2 was switched off upon UV irradiation, in proportion with the open to closed form (OF to CF) conversion extent of the DAE moiety. A nearly 100% Förster-type resonance energy transfer (FRET) from all three DCM moieties to a single DAE (in its CF) moiety was achieved.

Fluorescence photoswitching and photoreversible two-way energy transfer in a photochrome-fluorophore dyad.

A thorough photophysical study of a photochrome-fluorophore dyad (3), combining a fluorescent laser dye (DCM-type, , Φ(1) = 0.27) and a photochromic diarylethene (2), obtained by click chemistry, is presented. In addition to photochromism, the open form (OF) of 2 exhibits fluorescence (Φ(-OF) = 0.

Intrinsically fluorescent glycoligands to study metal selectivity.

Glycoligands are a versatile family of ligands centered on a sugar platform and functionalized by Lewis bases. In this article, pentofuranoses were appended with the fluoroionophores 4-(pyridin-2'-yl)-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl and 4-(2',1',3'-benzothiadiazol-4'-yl)-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl using the "click-like" cycloaddition [2 + 3] of Huisgen catalyzed by copper(I). Their fluorescence properties were used to study metal cation complexation.

Life and death among plant lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases.

The tetraploid Brassica napus possesses several seed-expressed microsomal lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases (LPAAT ) including BAT1.5, which has been retained after genome duplication as a consequence of a subfunctionalisation of the gene encoding the ubiquitously expressed Kennedy pathway enzyme BAT1.13.