Mesenchymal stromal cells are more effective than the MSC secretome in diminishing injury and enhancing recovery following ventilator-induced lung injury.

Background: The potential for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to reduce the severity of experimental lung injury has been established in several pre-clinical studies. We have recently demonstrated that MSCs, and MSC-secreted factors (secretome), enhance lung repair and regeneration at 48 h following ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI). We wished to determine the potential for MSC therapy to exert beneficial effects in the early recovery phase following VILI when ongoing injury coexists with processes of repair, and to compare the efficacy of MSC therapy to the use of the secretome alone.

Therapeutic efficacy of human mesenchymal stromal cells in the repair of established ventilator-induced lung injury in the rat.

Background: Rodent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) enhance repair after ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). We wished to determine the therapeutic potential of human MSCs (hMSCs) in repairing the rodent lung.

Methods: In series 1, anesthetized rats underwent VILI (series 1A, n = 8 to 9 per group) or protective ventilation (series 1B, n = 4 per group).

Inhibition of pulmonary nuclear factor kappa-B decreases the severity of acute Escherichia coli pneumonia but worsens prolonged pneumonia.

Introduction: Nuclear factor (NF)-κB is central to the pathogenesis of inflammation in acute lung injury, but also to inflammation resolution and repair. We wished to determine whether overexpression of the NF-κB inhibitor IκBα could modulate the severity of acute and prolonged pneumonia-induced lung injury in a series of prospective randomized animal studies.

Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to undergo intratracheal instillation of (a) 5 × 10⁹ adenoassociated virus (AAV) vectors encoding the IκBα transgene (5 × 10⁹ AAV-IκBα); (b) 1 × 10¹⁰ AAV-IκBα; (c) 5 × 10¹⁰ AAV-IκBα; or (d) vehicle alone.

Effects of intratracheal mesenchymal stromal cell therapy during recovery and resolution after ventilator-induced lung injury.

Background: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated to attenuate acute lung injury when delivered by intravenous or intratracheal routes. The authors aimed to determine the efficacy of and mechanism of action of intratracheal MSC therapy and to compare their efficacy in enhancing lung repair after ventilation-induced lung injury with intravenous MSC therapy.

Methods: : After induction of anesthesia, rats were orotracheally intubated and subjected to ventilation-induced lung injury (respiratory rate 18(-1) min, P insp 35 cm H2O,) to produce severe lung injury.

Clinical review: Stem cell therapies for acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome - hope or hype?

A growing understanding of the complexity of the pathophysiology of acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), coupled with advances in stem cell biology, has led to a renewed interest in the therapeutic potential of stem cells for this devastating disease. Mesenchymal stem cells appear closest to clinical translation, given the evidence that they may favourably modulate the immune response to reduce lung injury, while maintaining host immune-competence and also facilitating lung regeneration and repair. The demonstration that human mesenchymal stem cells exert benefit in the endotoxin-injured human lung is particularly persuasive.

Mesenchymal stem cells - a promising therapy for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) constitutes a spectrum of severe acute respiratory failure in response to a variety of inciting stimuli that is the leading cause of death and disability in the critically ill. Despite decades of research, there are no therapies for ARDS, and management remains supportive. A growing understanding of the complexity of the pathophysiology of ARDS, coupled with advances in stem cell biology, has lead to a renewed interest in the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells for ARDS.

Mesenchymal stem cells enhance recovery and repair following ventilator-induced lung injury in the rat.

Background: Bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reduce the severity of evolving acute lung injury (ALI), but their ability to repair the injured lung is not clear. A study was undertaken to determine the potential for MSCs to enhance repair after ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) and elucidate the mechanisms underlying these effects.

Methods: Anaesthetised rats underwent injurious ventilation which produced severe ALI.

Lung stem cells--from an evolving understanding to a paradigm shift?

The ideal cell type to regenerate an acutely injured or chronically diseased lung would be a stem cell population from the patient's own lung. Consequently, extensive research efforts have focused on identifying and characterizing endogenous lung stem cells. Advances in techniques to facilitate cell isolation, labelling and tracking in vivo to determine their fate have led to the identification of several putative stem cell niches.

Secondary syphilis presenting as atypical oral ulceration--a case report.

Unlabelled: Syphilis is now regarded by many as being of historical interest only in the aetiology of oral ulceration. Its manifestations are still often classified as the classical chancre, snail track ulcers and gumma. Recent literature suggests, however, that there has been a re-emergence of syphilitic ulcers and that these need not fall into the traditional categories.

Peripheral ameloblastoma: a case report.

Peripheral ameloblastoma is an uncommon pathological variant of the more usual intraosseous central ameloblastoma. It most typically presents as a localized soft tissue mass occurring in the tooth-bearing areas of the jaws and is often provisionally diagnosed as an epulis. In this paper, a 43-year-old male presented with a three-year history of a painful, slowly enlarging gingival swelling.