Measuring repeatability of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI biomarkers improves evaluation of biological response to radiotherapy in lung cancer.

Objectives: To measure dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) biomarker repeatability in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To use these statistics to identify which individual target lesions show early biological response.

Materials And Methods: A single-centre, prospective DCE-MRI study was performed between September 2015 and April 2017.

Bioactivity-Guided Isolation and Identification of Anti-adipogenic Constituents from the n-Butanol Fraction of Cissus quadrangularis.

Obesity is marked by the buildup of fat in adipose tissue that increases body weight and the risk of many associated health problems, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Treatment options for obesity are limited, and available medications have many side effects. Thus there is a great need to find alternative medicines for treating obesity.

Osteogenic potential of hexane and dichloromethane fraction of Cissus quadrangularis on murine preosteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 (subclone 4).

In continuation of the investigation of osteogenic potential of solvent fractions of ethanolic extract of Cissus quadrangularis (CQ), an ancient medicinal plant, most notably known for its bone-healing properties, to isolate and identify antiosteoporotic compounds. In the current study, we report the effect of hexane fraction (CQ-H) and dichloromethane fraction (CQ-D) of CQ on the differentiation and mineralization of mouse preosteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 (subclone 4). Growth, viability, and proliferation assays revealed that low concentrations (0.

Comparative evaluation of autocontouring in clinical practice: A practical method using the Turing test.

Purpose: Automated techniques for estimating the contours of organs and structures in medical images have become more widespread and a variety of measures are available for assessing their quality. Quantitative measures of geometric agreement, for example, overlap with a gold-standard delineation, are popular but may not predict the level of clinical acceptance for the contouring method. Therefore, surrogate measures that relate more directly to the clinical judgment of contours, and to the way they are used in routine workflows, need to be developed.

Bingham-NODDI: Mapping anisotropic orientation dispersion of neurites using diffusion MRI.

This paper presents Bingham-NODDI, a clinically-feasible technique for estimating the anisotropic orientation dispersion of neurites. Direct quantification of neurite morphology on clinical scanners was recently realised by a diffusion MRI technique known as neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI). However in its current form NODDI cannot estimate anisotropic orientation dispersion, which is widespread in the brain due to common fanning and bending of neurites.

In vivo estimation of dispersion anisotropy of neurites using diffusion MRI.

We present a technique for mapping dispersion anisotropy of neurites in the human brain in vivo. Neurites are the structural substrate of the brain that support its function. Measures of their morphology from histology provide the gold standard for diagnosing various brain disorders.

The importance of being dispersed: A ranking of diffusion MRI models for fibre dispersion using in vivo human brain data.

In this work we compare parametric diffusion MRI models which explicitly seek to explain fibre dispersion in nervous tissue. These models aim at providing more specific biomarkers of disease by disentangling these structural contributions to the signal. Some models are drawn from recent work in the field; others have been constructed from combinations of existing compartments that aim to capture both intracellular and extracellular diffusion.