Mapping, characterisation, and analysis of initiatives with transformative capacity: A scoping review.

The increasing complexity of socio-environmental vulnerabilities and inherent challenges have led scholars to study nonlinear systemic societal changes. Approaches to address these challenges range from adaptation to the predominant system, to the reconfiguration of the social and ecological life system. The study identifies the key characteristics, dynamics and contextual features of transformative initiatives and assesses their potential to challenge the dominant system.