Antibody indexes in COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors: Unanswered questions.

Objective: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is characterized by high contagiousness, as well as variable clinical manifestations and immune responses. The antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 is directly related to viral clearance and the antibodies' ability to neutralize the virus and confer long-term immunity. Nevertheless, the response can also be associated with disease severity and evolution.

Tissue Damage in Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Correlations Between Inflammatory Cells and Molecule Expression.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is caused by the bite of the infected sand fly, which inoculates parasites of spp and triggers an immune response. An exacerbated cutaneous inflammatory response is crucial for controlling parasite burden but can also promote tissue damage. This study aimed to characterize the populations of natural killer (NK), CD57, CD4, and CD8 T cells, CD20 B cells, as well as CD68 macrophages, in biopsies of ulcerated CL lesions, and quantify the production of perforin, grazyme B, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α cells).