Overexpression of the key metabolic protein Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase 1A (CPT1A) in equine sarcoid.

The equine sarcoid is the most common skin neoplasia of fibroblastic origin in horses, characterized by an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix produced by sarcoid fibroblasts under hypoxic condition. Neoplastic cells can adapt to hypoxia by using alternative energy sources, particularly those that arise from fatty acid oxidation (FAO). The Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase 1A (CPT1A) belongs to Carnitine System (CS) and promotes the entrance of fatty acids into the mitochondria for β-oxidation.

SPADA: A Toolbox of Designing Soft Pneumatic Actuators for Shape Matching Based on Surrogate Modeling.

Soft pneumatic actuators (SPAs) produce motions for soft robots with simple pressure input, however, they require to be appropriately designed to fit the target application. Available design methods employ kinematic models and optimization to estimate the actuator response and the optimal design parameters to achieve a target actuator's shape. Within SPAs, bellow SPAs excel in rapid prototyping and large deformation, yet their kinematic models often lack accuracy due to the geometry complexity and the material nonlinearity.

Toward Onboard Proportional Control of Multi-Chamber Soft Pneumatic Robots: A Magnetorheological Elastomer Valve Array.

Soft pneumatic actuators (SPAs) are commonly used in various applications because of their structural compliance, low cost, ease of manufacture, high adaptability, and safe human-robot interaction. The traditional approach for achieving proportional control of soft pneumatic robots requires the use of industrial proportional valves or syringe drivers, which are not only rigid and bulky but also hard to be integrated into the body of soft robots. In our previous research, we developed a Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE)-based soft valve that showed advantages for controlling SPAs due to its compliance, compactness, robustness, and compatibility for continuous pressure modulation.

Occurrence of Nosema ceranae, Ascosphaera apis and trypanosomatids in Vespa orientalis linneus 1771.

Vespa orientalis is spreading across the Italian and European territories leading to new interactions among species, which could lead to the transmission of pathogens between species. Detection of honey bee viruses in V. orientalis has already been revealed in both adults and larvae, while no information is available regarding parasitic occurrence.

ATP-induced fibrogenic pathway in circulating cells obtained by idiopathic pulmonary fibrotic (IPF) patients is not blocked by nintedanib and pirfenidone.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a severe disability due to progressive lung dysfunction. IPF has long been viewed as a non-immune form of pulmonary fibrosis, but nowadays it is accepted that a chronic inflammatory response can exacerbate fibrotic patterns. IL-1-like cytokines and ATP are highly detected in the lung and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid of IPF patients.

Droplet Digital RT-PCR (dd RT-PCR) Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Honey Bees and Honey Collected in Apiaries across the Campania Region.

Coronaviruses (CoVs), a subfamily of Orthocoronavirinae, are viruses that sometimes present a zoonotic character. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the recent outbreak of COVID-19, which, since its outbreak in 2019, has caused about 774,593,066 confirmed cases and 7,028,881 deaths. Aereosols are the main route of transmission among people; however, viral droplets can contaminate surfaces and fomites as well as particulate matter (PM) in suspensions of natural and human origin.

Real-World Safety and Outcome of First-Line Pembrolizumab Monotherapy for Metastatic NSCLC with PDL-1 Expression ≥ 50%: A National Italian Multicentric Cohort ("" Study).

Results from the phase III clinical trial established pembrolizumab monotherapy as the first-line standard of care for patients with metastatic NSCLC who have PD-L1 expression ≥ 50%, , and wild-type tumors. However, given the differences between patients treated in routine clinical practice and those treated in a clinical trial, real-world data are needed to confirm the treatment benefit in standard practice. Given the lack of data on large cohorts of patients with long follow-ups, we designed an observational retrospective study of patients with metastatic NSCLC who were treated with pembrolizumab, starting from its reimbursement eligibility until December 2020.

A real-world retrospective, observational study of first-line pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy for metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer with PD-L1 tumor proportion score < 50% (PEMBROREAL).

Introduction: The phase III Keynote-189 trial established a first-line treatment combining pembrolizumab with pemetrexed and platinum as a standard treatment for patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without known and driver mutations and independent of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. However, in Italy, eligibility for the National Health Service payment program is limited to patients with PD-L1 <50%. The PEMBROREAL study assesses the real-world effectiveness and safety of pembrolizumab in patients eligible for the National Health Service payment program.

Translational Insights in the Landscape of Salivary Gland Cancers: Ready for a New Era?

Salivary gland carcinomas (SGCs) are rare neoplasms, representing less than 10% of all head and neck tumors, but they are extremely heterogeneous from the histological point of view, their clinical behavior, and their genetics. The guidelines regarding their treatment include surgery in most cases, which can also play an important role in oligometastatic disease. Where surgery cannot be used, systemic therapy comes into play.

The activation of the AIM2 inflammasome after cigarette smoke exposure leads to an immunosuppressive lung microenvironment.

Cigarette smoke is widely known as contributing to chronic inflammation underlying several airway diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. In our previous studies we found that the lung of both COPD and cancer patients were characterized by the presence and activation of the AIM2 inflammasome. Here, we wanted to investigate the upstream step during the establishment of chronic lung inflammation after cigarette smoke exposure.

Training in Honey Bee Veterinary Medicine in Italy: An Observational Study and Practical Proposals to Face Professional Challenges.

Honey bees, like other livestock, may be affected by infectious, parasitic, and abiotic diseases that need proper sanitary monitoring and control. Currently, there are limited opportunities for undergraduate students to receive education in Honey Bee Veterinary Medicine (HBVM) as part of their regular degree program, despite the professional requirements for veterinarians to carry out the increasing tasks related to honey bee health and production. Additionally, postgraduate training and specialization in HBVM is also underdeveloped.

Chemopreventive effect of a milk whey by-product derived from Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in protecting from colorectal carcinogenesis.

Background: Several studies show that natural foods are a source of compounds with anticancer properties that affect the gut microbiota and its metabolites. In the present study, we investigate the effect of a delactosed buffalo milk whey by-product (DMW) on colorectal carcinogenesis.

Methods: The effect of DMW on colorectal carcinoma (CRC) was investigated in the established mouse model of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon carcinoma, which closely resembles the human clinical condition of CRC.

Detection of honey bee viruses in larvae of .

The Oriental hornet () is one of the major predators of honey bees. It has been demonstrated that adults of can harbor honey bee viruses, however the transmission route of infection is still not clear. The aim of this study was to study the possible presence of honey bee viruses in larvae and honey bees collected from the same apiary.

Induction of Inflammation Disrupts the Negative Interplay between STING and S1P Axis That Is Observed during Physiological Conditions in the Lung.

The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a master regulator of innate immunity, involved in several inflammatory diseases. Our previous data showed that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is released during inflammatory conditions in the lung. The aim of this study was to understand the interplay between S1P and STING during both physiological and pathological conditions.

Effects of oral exposure to brake wear particulate matter on the springtail Orthonychiurus folsomi.

Most of the heavy metals in urban environments derives from road traffic, particularly from tyres and brake wear (non-exhaust emission sources). These pollutants contaminate the soil, where several organisms have a primary ecosystem role (e.g.

Nivolumab serum concentration in metastatic melanoma patients could be related to outcome and enhanced immune activity: a gene profiling retrospective analysis.

Background: Nivolumab is an anti-PD-1 antibody approved for treating metastatic melanoma (MM), for which still limited evidence is available on the correlation between drug exposure and patient outcomes.

Methods: In this observational retrospective study, we assessed whether nivolumab concentration is associated with treatment response in 88 patients with MM and if the patient's genetic profile plays a role in this association.

Results: We observed a statistically significant correlation between nivolumab serum concentration and clinical outcomes, measured as overall and progression-free survival.

Concomitant medication of cetirizine in advanced melanoma could enhance anti-PD-1 efficacy by promoting M1 macrophages polarization.

Background: The clinical observation showed a potential additive effect of anti-PD-1 agents and cetirizine in patients with advanced melanoma.

Methods: Clinical outcomes of concomitant cetirizine/anti-PD-1 treatment of patients with stage IIIb-IV melanoma were retrospectively collected, and a transcriptomic analysis was performed on blood samples obtained at baseline and after 3 months of treatment.

Results: Patients treated with cetirizine concomitantly with an anti-PD-1 agent had significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS; mean PFS: 28 vs 15 months, HR 0.

Buffalo Milk Whey Activates Necroptosis and Apoptosis in a Xenograft Model of Colorectal Cancer.

Recent pharmacological research on milk whey, a byproduct of the dairy industry, has identified several therapeutic properties that could be exploited in modern medicine. In the present study, we investigated the anticancer effects of whey from Mediterranean buffalo () milk. The antitumour effect of delactosed milk whey (DMW) was evaluated using the HCT116 xenograft mouse model of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Post-exposure prophylaxis with sotrovimab for Omicron (B.1.1.529) SARS-CoV-2 variant during the aplastic phase of autologous stem cell transplantation.

Background: To date, there is no information on the safety and efficacy of the novel anti-sarbecoviruses monoclonal antibody sotrovimab administered, as a post-exposure prophylactic measure, during the aplastic phase of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT).

Methods: We describe the outcomes of a Multiple Myeloma (MM) patient, who was threateningly exposed to the Omicron (B.1.

How the Environment Shapes Tactile Sensing: Understanding the Relationship Between Tactile Filters and Surrounding Environment.

The mechanical properties of a sensor strongly affect its tactile sensing capabilities. By exploiting tactile filters, mechanical structures between the sensing unit and the environment, it is possible to tune the interaction dynamics with the surrounding environment. But how can we design a good tactile filter? Previously, the role of filters' geometry and stiffness on the quality of the tactile data has been the subject of several studies, both implementing static filters and adaptable filters.

Cancer Cell Metabolism Reprogramming and Its Potential Implications on Therapy in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: A Review.

Carcinogenesis is a multistep process that consists of the transformation of healthy cells into cancer cells. Such an alteration goes through various stages and is closely linked to random mutations of genes that have a key role in the neoplastic phenotype. During carcinogenesis, cancer cells acquire and exhibit several characteristics including sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, activating invasion and metastasis, and expressing an immune phenotype, which allow them to evade recognition and destruction through cognate immune cells.

Electrochemotherapy of Primary Colon Rectum Cancer and Local Recurrence: Case Report and Prospective Analysis.

Purpose: Surgery, radiotherapy, and oncological treatment (chemotherapy and antineoplastic antibodies) are standard treatments of rectal cancer. ECT has shown its effectiveness and suitability in deep solid tumors conducted in both preclinical and clinical studies. We show here an update and preliminary results with locally advanced rectum cancer (LARC) treated with ECT.