Prevalence of Idiopathic Macular Hole in a Specialized Ophthalmological Referral Center: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study (2018-2022).

Background: An idiopathic macular hole (IMH) is a foveal opening in the neurosensory retina caused by perifoveal vitreomacular traction and detachment. IMH prevalence varies considerably across populations, highlighting a need for further investigation, especially in underrepresented groups such as Hispanics.

Methods: This retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study analyzed IMH prevalence in a Hispanic population over four years.

[Blue light and intraocular lenses (IOLs): Beliefs and realities].

The first intraocular lenses (IOLs) used for cataract surgery transmitted both ultraviolet (UV) radiation and visible light to the retina. Colorless UV-blocking IOLs were introduced and rapidly adopted in the 1980s. Yellow-tinted blue-blocking (also known as blue-filtering) IOLs were marketed in the early 1990s.

UNILATERAL COVID-19-ASSOCIATED VASCULITIC CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION: PHLEBITIS WITH SUBHYALOID, INTRARETINAL, AND SUBRETINAL HEMORRHAGES.

Purpose: To describe unilateral vasculitic central retinal vein occlusion in a young adult whose vision problems preceded systemic symptoms of COVID-19 infection.

Methods: Observational clinical case report.

Results: A 39-year-old immunocompetent man without prior ocular disease presented for vitreoretinal care complaining of decreasing vision in his right eye for 2 weeks.

No-Dose Photodynamic Therapy Against Half-Dose Photodynamic Therapy for Treatment of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.

Introduction: This study aimed to describe the effects of no-dose full-fluence photodynamic therapy without verteporfin (no-dose PDT) and to compare no-dose PDT with half-dose verteporfin full-fluence photodynamic therapy (HDFF PDT) for managing chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSC).

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 11 patients with chronic recurrent CSC treated with no-dose PDT between January 2019 and March 2022. Most of these patients were also treated with HDFF PDT a minimum of 3 months before and were considered as the control group.

Half-Fluence, Half-Dose Photodynamic Therapy: Less Direct Damage but More Inflammation?

To present clinical findings and multimodal imaging of three patients who developed bacillary layer detachments (BALADs) shortly after half-fluence, half-dose (HFHD) verteporfin photodynamic therapy (PDT). Retrospective observational case series. Three patients were treated with HFHD-PDT for (1) macular neovascularisation five years after resolved central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), (2) persistent serous retinal detachment (SRD) from chronic CSC, and (3) neovascular age-related macular degeneration with persistent SRD despite intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy.

Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy retroillumination: applications and illusions.

Scanning laser ophthalmoscopes (SLOs) are used widely for reflectance, fluorescence or autofluorescence photography and less commonly for retroillumination imaging. SLOs scan a visible light or near-infrared radiation laser beam across the retina, collecting light from each retinal spot as it's illuminated. An SLO's clinical applications, image contrast and axial resolution are largely determined by an aperture overlying its photodetector.

The Blue Light Hazard Versus Blue Light Hype.

Purpose: The blue light hazard is the experimental finding that blue light is highly toxic to the retina (photic retinopathy), in brief abnormally intense exposures, including sungazing or vitreoretinal endoillumination. This term has been misused commercially to suggest, falsely, that ambient environmental light exposure causes phototoxicity to the retina, leading to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We analyze clinical, epidemiologic, and biophysical data regarding blue-filtering optical chromophores.

BACILLARY LAYER DETACHMENT AFTER PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY FOR CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY.

Purpose: To report the clinical and optical coherence tomography findings of a patient with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy who developed a short-term bacillary layer detachment after photodynamic therapy (PDT).

Methods: A 56-year-old man presented with metamorphopsia and 20/100 visual acuity in his right eye. He was diagnosed with active, chronic central serous chorioretinopathy based on clinical findings and multimodal imaging.

Endoscopic vitreoretinal surgery: principles, applications and new directions.

Purpose: To analyze endoscopic vitreoretinal surgery principles, applications, challenges and potential technological advances.

Background: Microendoscopic imaging permits vitreoretinal surgery for tissues that are not visible using operating microscopy ophthalmoscopy. Evolving instrumentation may overcome some limitations of current endoscopic technology.

NONCONFOCAL ULTRA-WIDEFIELD SCANNING LASER OPHTHALMOSCOPY: Polarization Artifacts and Diabetic Macular Edema.

Purpose: Bowtie-shaped polarization artifacts are often present in nonconfocal ultra-widefield scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) images. We studied these artifacts and evaluated their potential value as clinical biomarkers in screening for center-involving diabetic macular edema (DME).

Methods: We performed a retrospective, observational, cohort study on 78 diabetic adult patients (143 eyes) who had spectral domain optical coherence tomography and nonmydriatic nonconfocal ultra-widefield SLO testing on the same day.

Glare's causes, consequences, and clinical challenges after a century of ophthalmic study.

Purpose: To provide a multidisciplinary synthesis of scientific information on disability, discomfort, dazzling, and scotomatic (photostress) glare.

Design: Perspective.

Methods: Analysis and integration of relevant historical and contemporary publications on glare in ophthalmology, illumination engineering, neurology, and other relevant disciplines.

Concentric ring scanning laser ophthalmoscope artifacts and dysphotopsia in diffractive multifocal pseudophakia.

A 67-year-old woman had decreased visual acuity in her left eye and disturbing concentric ring dysphotopsias after bilateral implantation of ReSTOR (SN60D3; Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX) diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs). Monochromatic (820-nm infrared and 488-nm red-free) scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) documented central retinal concentric ring patterns resembling the patient's drawings of her dysphotopsia, prompting investigation of the relationship of these phenomena.

Ultraviolet-B phototoxicity and hypothetical photomelanomagenesis: intraocular and crystalline lens photoprotection.

Purpose: Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation can cause phototoxic macular injuries in young people who have been sunbathing but not sungazing and in welders. Welders have a reportedly increased risk of uveal melanoma. We analyze phakic and pseudophakic risks for solar and welding arc UV-B exposure.

The role of environmental light in sleep and health: effects of ocular aging and cataract surgery.

Environmental illumination profoundly influences human health and well-being. Recently discovered photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells (pRGCs) are primary mediators of numerous circadian, neuroendocrine and neurobehavioral responses. pRGCs provide lighting information to diverse nonvisual (non-image-forming) brain centers including the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) which serve as the body's master biological clock.

Blue-blocking IOLs decrease photoreception without providing significant photoprotection.

Violet and blue light are responsible for 45% of scotopic, 67% of melanopsin, 83% of human circadian (melatonin suppression) and 94% of S-cone photoreception in pseudophakic eyes (isoilluminance source). Yellow chromophores in blue-blocking intraocular lenses (IOLs) eliminate between 43 and 57% of violet and blue light between 400 and 500 nm, depending on their dioptric power. This restriction adversely affects pseudophakic photopic luminance contrast, photopic S-cone foveal threshold, mesopic contrast acuity, scotopic short-wavelength sensitivity and circadian photoreception.