Sequestration of aflatoxin B1 by lactic acid bacteria: Role of binding and biotransformation.

Climate change has introduced new challenges to food safety by altering the occurrence and distribution of fungi leading to increased mycotoxin contamination in crops. Among these mycotoxins, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) stands out as a potent carcinogen, posing significant health risks to consumers. Methods for AFB1 decontamination have been intensively investigated and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have gained increasing interest for their potential in AFB1 detoxification.

Feruloylation and Hydrolysis of Arabinoxylan Extracted from Wheat Bran: Effect on Dough Rheology and Microstructure.

Feruloylated arabinoxylan (AX) is a potential health-promoting fiber ingredient that can enhance nutritional properties of bread but is also known to affect dough rheology. To determine the role of feruloylation and hydrolysis of wheat bran AX on dough quality and microstructure, hydrolyzed and unhydrolyzed AX fractions with low and high ferulic acid content were produced, and their chemical composition and properties were evaluated. These fractions were then incorporated into wheat dough, and farinograph measurements, large and small deformation measurements and dough microstructure were assessed.

Efficacy of Aflatoxin B1 and Fumonisin B1 Adsorption by Maize, Wheat, and Oat Bran.

Mycotoxins, especially aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FMB1), are common contaminants in cereal-based foods. Instances of contamination are predicted to increase due to the current challenges induced by climate change. Despite the health benefits of whole grains, the presence of mycotoxins in bran remains a concern.

Self-identification and workplace experience surveys for equity and inclusion in healthcare.

Data and evaluation have become integral to efforts aimed at transforming organizational cultures. This is true in Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI), where organizations are assessing their employee make-up and the impact of their programs and services on systematically marginalized communities. This article presents a case study of a self-identification and workplace experience survey that was the first of its kind at the Provincial Health Services Authority in British Columbia.

Immunoinformatics-Based Designing of Novel and Potent Multi-Epitope PSA D15 and Cag11 Immunogens for Helicobacter pylori Immunodiagnostic Assay Development.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) strain is the most genetically diverse pathogenic bacterium and now alarming serious human health concern ranging from chronic gastritis to gastric cancer and human death all over the world. Currently, the majority of commercially available diagnostic assays for H.

Plasmodium falciparum population structure inferred by msp1 amplicon sequencing of parasites collected from febrile patients in Kenya.

Background: Multiplicity of infection (MOI) is an important measure of Plasmodium falciparum diversity, usually derived from the highly polymorphic genes, such as msp1, msp2 and glurp as well as microsatellites. Conventional methods of deriving MOI lack fine resolution needed to discriminate minor clones. This study used amplicon sequencing (AmpliSeq) of P.

Clients in Uganda accessing preferred differentiated antiretroviral therapy models achieve higher viral suppression and are less likely to miss appointments: a cross-sectional analysis.

Introduction: The Uganda Ministry of Health recommends facility- and community-based differentiated antiretroviral therapy (DART) models to support person-centred care for eligible clients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Healthcare workers assess client eligibility for one of six DART models upon initial enrolment; however, client circumstances evolve, and their preferences are not routinely adjusted. We developed a tool to understand the proportion of clients accessing preferred DART models and compared the outcomes of clients accessing preferred DART models to the outcomes of clients not receiving preferred DART models.

Application of Hybridization Chain Reaction/CRISPR-Cas12a for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Globally, the emergence of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has had a significant impact on life. The need for ongoing SARS-CoV-2 screening employing inexpensive and quick diagnostic approaches is undeniable, given the ongoing pandemic and variations in vaccine administration in resource-constrained regions. This study presents results as proof of concept to use hybridization chain reaction (HCR) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas12a complex for detecting SARS-CoV-2.

Production and sensory evaluation of composite breads based on wheat and whole millet or sorghum in the presence of A16 exopolysaccharides.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the acceptability of composite breads based on local cereal (millet and sorghum) formulations. Bread preparations based on 50% wheat flour and 50% local cereal flour were made in the presence of exopolysaccharide (Eps) production stimulated by a strain of A16 in the fermented dough. Seven formulations were done in two baking sets and were submitted to sensory evaluations which consisted of tests on sensory profile, hedonic analysis and ranking.

Degradation of cellulose polymorphs into glucose by HCl gas with simultaneous suppression of oxidative discoloration.

As cellulose is the main polysaccharide in biomass, its degradation into glucose is a major undertaking in research concerning biofuels and bio-based platform chemicals. Here, we show that pressurized HCl gas is able to efficiently hydrolyze fibers of different crystalline forms (polymorphs) of cellulose when the water content of the fibers is increased to 30-50 wt%. Simultaneously, the harmful formation of strongly chromophoric humins can be suppressed by a simple addition of chlorite into the reaction system.

Prevalence and Antibiogram of and spp. Isolated from Cattle Milk Products Sold in Juja Sub-County, Kenya.

Dairy ruminant milk provides a conducive environment for bacterial proliferation. In animals, these bacteria are exposed to antibiotics, whose overuse has led to increased cases of drug resistance. A cross-sectional study was conducted on milk and milk products vended in Juja Sub-County, Kenya to determine the prevalence of bacteria and antibiogram of spp.

Nutritional intake and food sources in an adult urban Kenyan population.

Urbanisation is hastening the transition from traditional food habits to less healthy diets, which are becoming more common among Kenyans. No up-to-date studies on usual dietary intake and the main food sources of adult Kenyans are available. The aim of the present study was to identify the main food sources of nutrients in the diet of urban adult Kenyans and explore potential associations with demographic variables including age, sex, level of education, occupation and body mass index.

anticoccidial activity of nanoencapsulated bromelain against spp. oocysts isolated from goats in Kenya.

Background And Aim: The emergence of drug-resistant strains of spp. calls for the development of novel anticoccidial drugs. Plant extracts provide a possible natural source for such drugs.

Reviewing clinical considerations and guideline recommendations of C1 inhibitor prophylaxis for hereditary angioedema.

Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE), a rare disease that is characterized by painful and recurring non-allergic swelling episodes, is caused by the deficiency or dysfunction of C1 inhibitor (C1INH) protein. A comprehensive HAE management plan may require long-term prophylaxis (LTP) in addition to on-demand treatment to help "normalize" patients' lives so that they may fully engage in work, school, family, and leisure activities.

Aim: The main objective of this narrative review is to provide an overview of updated guideline recommendations specific to LTP of HAE and discuss clinical considerations and pharmacologic management options, with a focus on C1INH.

Process-Induced Changes in the Quantity and Characteristics of Grain Dietary Fiber.

Daily use of wholegrain foods is generally recommended due to strong epidemiological evidence of reduced risk of chronic diseases. Cereal grains, especially the bran part, have a high content of dietary fiber (DF). Cereal DF is an umbrella concept of heterogeneous polysaccharides of variable chemical composition and molecular weight, which are combined in a complex network in cereal cell walls.

Schistosoma mansoni and soil transmtted helminths in olive baboons and potential zoonosis.

Zoonotic pathogens are among the most important causes of ill health all over the world. The presence of these pathogens in free ranging baboons may have significant implications for humans. In Kenya, the encroachment of wildlife habitats has led to increased interaction between humans and wildlife especially non-human primates.

Corrigendum to "Development and Evaluation of an Immuno-Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay to Quantify the subsp. Capripneumoniae (Mccp) Protein in Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP) Vaccine".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2020/4236807.].

Enhanced Lignocellulolytic Enzyme Activities on Hardwood and Softwood during Interspecific Interactions of White- and Brown-Rot Fungi.

Wood decomposition is a sophisticated process where various biocatalysts act simultaneously and synergistically on biopolymers to efficiently break down plant cell walls. In nature, this process depends on the activities of the wood-inhabiting fungal communities that co-exist and interact during wood decay. Wood-decaying fungal species have traditionally been classified as white-rot and brown-rot fungi, which differ in their decay mechanism and enzyme repertoire.

Brewers' spent grain as substrate for dextran biosynthesis by Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides DSM20193 and Weissella confusa A16.

Background: Lactic acid bacteria can synthesize dextran and oligosaccharides with different functionality, depending on the strain and fermentation conditions. As natural structure-forming agent, dextran has proven useful as food additive, improving the properties of several raw materials with poor technological quality, such as cereal by-products, fiber-and protein-rich matrices, enabling their use in food applications. In this study, we assessed dextran biosynthesis in situ during fermentation of brewers´ spent grain (BSG), the main by-product of beer brewing industry, with Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides DSM20193 and Weissella confusa A16.

Isolation and characterization of indigenous Weissella confusa for in situ bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) production in chickpea sourdough.

Legume-based sourdough represents a potential ingredient for the manufacture of novel baked products. However, the lack of gluten of legume flours can restrict their use due to their poor technological properties. To overcome such issue, the in situ production of bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) during fermentation has been proposed.

Evaluation of Analgesic Activities of Extracts of Two Marine Molluscs: var radula (Linnaeus) and (Müller).

Purpose And Methods: In this study, the analgesic activity of the crude alcohol (acetone-methanol) and aqueous (in PBS, pH 7.2) extracts of the marine molluscs, and has been evaluated using the formalin test (for chronic antinociceptive) and the tail-flick (acute antinociceptive) pain models in male swiss albino mice.

Results: The results show that the extracts of and demonstrated high safety margins as single doses of up to 2000 mg/kg bwt proved to be well tolerated and non-lethal, although the alcohol extract of caused necrosis in the liver and kidney when administered at a dose level of 2000 mg/kg bwt.

Hereditary angioedema: Comprehensive management plans and patient support.

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare disease. Regardless, patients with HAE have access to multiple state-of-the-art medications available for on-demand use and prevention that reduce the frequency and burden of HAE attacks. These treatments have greatly reduced the burden of disease and helped patients achieve improved quality of life.

β-lactam resistance in bacteria associated with subclinical mastitis in goats in Thika Subcounty, Kenya.

Aim: This study determined the resistance pattern to β-lactam antibiotics of bacteria isolated from goats with subclinical mastitis in Thika subcounty, Kenya. We also administered a questionnaire to assess the risk factors associated with the occurrence of resistance to commonly used antibiotics.

Materials And Methods: We collected milk samples from 110 lactating dairy goats in Thika subcounty to screen for subclinical mastitis using the California mastitis test.