Substrate metabolism in male astronauts onboard the International Space Station: the ENERGY study.

Bedrest shifts fasting and postprandial fuel selection towards carbohydrate use over lipids, potentially affecting astronauts' performance and health. We investigated whether this change occurs in astronauts after at least 3 months onboard the International Space Station (ISS). We further explored the associations with diet, physical activity (PA), and body composition.

Passive limitation of surface contamination by perFluoroDecylTrichloroSilane coatings in the ISS during the MATISS experiments.

Future long-duration human spaceflight will require developments to limit biocontamination of surface habitats. The MATISS (Microbial Aerosol Tethering on Innovative Surfaces in the international Space Station) experiments allowed for exposing surface treatments in the ISS (International Space Station) using a sample-holder developed to this end. Three campaigns of FDTS (perFluoroDecylTrichloroSilane) surface exposures were performed over monthly durations during distinct periods.

The Equivalency of the Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscope Simulator to Peer Practice: A Pilot Study.

Significance: Optometric educators are constantly looking for learning and teaching approaches to improve clinical skills training. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has made educators scrutinize the time allocated to face-to-face teaching and practice. Simulation learning is an option, but its use must first be evaluated against traditional learning methods.

Serotonergic and Dopaminergic Lesions Underlying Parkinsonian Neuropsychiatric Signs.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by heterogeneous motor and nonmotor manifestations related to alterations in monoaminergic neurotransmission systems. Nevertheless, the characterization of concomitant dopaminergic and serotonergic dysfunction after different durations of Parkinson's disease, as well as their respective involvement in the expression and severity of neuropsychiatric signs, has gained little attention so far.

Methods: To fill this gap, we conducted a cross-sectional study combining clinical and dual-tracer positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging approaches, using radioligands of dopamine ([ C]-N-(3-iodoprop-2E-enyl)-2-beta-carbomethoxy-3-beta-(4-methylphenyl)-nortropane) ([ C]PE2I) and serotonin ([ C]-N,N-dimethyl-2-(-2-amino-4-cyanophenylthio)-benzylamine) ([ C]DASB) reuptake, after different durations of Parkinson's disease (ie, in short-disease duration drug-naive de novo (n = 27, 0-2 years-duration), suffering from apathy (n = 14) or not (n = 13); intermediate-disease duration (n = 15, 4-7 years-duration) and long-disease duration, non-demented (n = 15, 8-10 years-duration) patients).

Index of Reflectivity of Ultrasound Radio Frequency Signal from the Carotid Artery Wall Increases in Astronauts after a 6 mo Spaceflight.

The objective was to quantify the index of reflectivity of the common carotid artery and surrounding structures, before and after 6 mo of microgravity. Our hypothesis was that structural changes in the insonated target would increase its index of reflectivity. The neck anterior muscle and common carotid artery (walls and lumen) were visualized by echography (17 MHz linear probe), and the radiofrequency signal along each vertical line was displayed.

Characterization of Bacterial Communities of Cold-Smoked Salmon during Storage.

Cold-smoked salmon is a widely consumed ready-to-eat seafood product that is a fragile commodity with a long shelf-life. The microbial ecology of cold-smoked salmon during its shelf-life is well known. However, to our knowledge, no study on the microbial ecology of cold-smoked salmon using next-generation sequencing has yet been undertaken.

Impact of DNA extraction and sampling methods on bacterial communities monitored by 16S rDNA metabarcoding in cold-smoked salmon and processing plant surfaces.

Amplicon sequencing approaches have been widely used in food bacterial ecology. However, choices regarding the methodology can bias results. In this study, bacterial communities associated with cold-smoked salmon products and their processing plant surfaces were monitored via sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene.

Towards a passive limitation of particle surface contamination in the Columbus module (ISS) during the MATISS experiment of the Proxima Mission.

Future long-duration human spaceflight calls for developments to limit biocontamination of the surface habitats. The MATISS experiment tests surface treatments in the ISS's atmosphere. Four sample holders were mounted with glass lamella with hydrophobic coatings, and exposed in the Columbus module for ~6 months.

PEARL-seq: A Photoaffinity Platform for the Analysis of Small Molecule-RNA Interactions.

RNA is emerging as a valuable target for the development of novel therapeutic agents. The rational design of RNA-targeting small molecules, however, has been hampered by the relative lack of methods for the analysis of small molecule-RNA interactions. Here, we present our efforts to develop such a platform using photoaffinity labeling.

Variation in RARG increases susceptibility to doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in patient specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.

Doxorubicin is a potent anticancer drug used to treat a variety of cancer types. However, its use is limited by doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). A missense variant in the RARG gene (S427L; rs2229774) has been implicated in susceptibility to DIC in a genome wide association study.

Toward a Sequential Strategy for Diagnosing Neurocognitive Disorders: A Consensus from the "Act On Dementia" European Joint Action.

Neurocognitive disorders causing progressive cognitive, functional, and behavioral impairment remain underdiagnosed. The needs for a timely diagnosis are now widely acknowledged since person-centered care helps to preserve life quality and prevent crises. One powerful barrier to detection in primary care is the lack of an easy-to-follow stepwise approach, grounded in evidence and consistent with high-quality specialty practice.

Early limbic microstructural alterations in apathy and depression in de novo Parkinson's disease.

Background: Whether structural alterations underpin apathy and depression in de novo parkinsonian patients is unknown. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether apathy and depression in de novo parkinsonian patients are related to structural alterations and how structural abnormalities relate to serotonergic or dopaminergic dysfunction.

Methods: We compared the morphological and microstructural architecture in gray matter using voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging coupled with white matter tract-based spatial statistics in a multimodal imaging case-control study enrolling 14 apathetic and 13 nonapathetic patients with de novo Parkinson's disease and 15 age-matched healthy controls, paired with PET imaging of the presynaptic dopaminergic and serotonergic systems.

Pharmacological and molecular dynamics analyses of differences in inhibitor binding to human and nematode PDE4: Implications for management of parasitic nematodes.

Novel chemical controls are needed that selectively target human, animal, and plant parasitic nematodes with reduced adverse effects on the host or the environment. We hypothesize that the phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzyme family represents a potential target for development of novel nematicides and anthelmintics. To test this, we identified six PDE families present in the nematode phylum that are orthologous to six of the eleven human PDE families.

Remote Echography between a Ground Control Center and the International Space Station Using a Tele-operated Echograph with Motorized Probe.

Echography is the most appropriate imaging modality for investigating astronauts. Unfortunately, it requires a great deal of training to perform ultrasound examinations, which can be difficult and time consuming, especially if the astronaut does not have a medical background. We designed a new echography system with motorized probes that allows for the majority of exam functions to be controlled by a ground-based sonographer.

Population Genetic Structure of Strains Isolated From the Pig and Pork Production Chain in France.

is an ubiquitous pathogenic bacterium, transmissible to humans through the consumption of contaminated food. The pork production sector has been hit hard by a series of -related food poisoning outbreaks in France. An overview of the diversity of strains circulating at all levels of the pork production chain, from pig farming (PF) to finished food products (FFP), is needed to identify the contamination routes and improve food safety.

Upper Limb Ischemia by Subclavian Artery Dissection after Osteopathic Manipulation.

We report the case of a young woman who experienced ischemia of upper limb after osteopathic manipulation. Duplex and computed tomography scan showed wall hematoma of the ostium of subclavian artery. The patient spontaneously recovered so that no surgery was necessary.

[Cerebral vasoreactivity: Concordance of breath holding test and acetazolamide injection in current practice: 20 cases of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis].

Introduction: Cerebral vasoreactivity (CVR) is the ability of the brain's vascular system to keep cerebral blood inflow stable. Impaired CVR is a risk marker of stroke in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis. The gold standard to assess CVR with transcranial ultrasound is acetazolamide (ACTZ) injection.

Peripheral Atheromatous Arterial Disease in the Young: Risk Factors, Clinical Features, and Prognosis From the COPART Cohort.

We describe the cardiovascular risk factors, clinical presentation, and prognosis in a comparative study of patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) from the Cohorte des Patients ARTériopathes (COPART) cohort, which includes patients hospitalized for PAD in France. Among the 2514 patients included in the cohort, 189 had PAD before or at the age of 50 years and 2325 had it after. Young patients with PAD had diabetes less frequently (34% vs 46%, P < .

Use of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived-Cardiomyocytes to Study Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity.

Drug-induced cardiotoxicity is the one of the most common causes of drug withdrawal from market. A major barrier in managing the risk of drug-induced cardiotoxicity has been the lack of relevant models to study cardiac safety. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) have great potential in drug discovery and cardiotoxcity screens as they display many characteristics of the human myocardium and offer unlimited supply.

Transcranial Doppler to Detect Right to Left Communication: Evaluation Versus Transesophageal Echocardiography in Real Life.

We compared transcranial Doppler (TCD) with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for the detection of right to left communication (RLC) in the heart. All patients explored from 2013 to 2016 in a vascular medicine unit to detect RLC by TCD were included. Right to left communication was detected by TCD monitoring for microembolic signals after intravenous injection of agitated 5% glucose and air.

Subthalamic nucleus stimulation effects on single and combined task performance in Parkinson's disease patients: a PET study.

Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) represents one of the most efficacious treatments for Parkinson's disease, along with L-dopa therapy. The objective of the present work was to identify the cerebral networks associated with hand movement and speech production tasks performed alone and simultaneously, as well as the effects of STN-DBS on these profiles. Clinical, behavioral, and neuroimaging (oxygen 15-labeled water and Positron Emission Tomography) investigations were used to study single and combined performances of unilateral hand movements and speech production in 11 unmedicated individuals with PD, both off and on STN-DBS.