Using Measurement Invariance to Study Social Withdrawal in Children With Developmental Language Disorders.

Purpose Teacher ratings were used to compare children with developmental language disorders (DLD) and their typically developing peers on 2 subtypes of social withdrawal (shyness and unsociability). Measurement invariance analysis was utilized to determine if teachers rated the 2 groups using the same underlying construct for each of the rating scale items that have been designed to assess withdrawn behavior. Method The Teacher Behavior Rating Scale (TBRS; C.