Antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of strains from different clinical sources in horses.

Introduction: is a major cause of infections and reproductive disorders among horses, ranked in recent French studies as the sixth most frequently isolated bacterial pathogen in equine clinical samples. The proportion of multidrug-resistant (MDR) is therefore significant in a context where MDR strains are considered a major global concern by the World Health Organization.

Methods: In this study, we used a genomic approach to characterize a population of 119 equine strains collected by two laboratories specialized in animal health in Normandy (France).

Evolution of In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Equine Clinical Isolates in France between 2016 and 2019.

The present study described the evolution of antimicrobial resistance in equine pathogens isolated from 2016 to 2019. A collection of 7806 bacterial isolates were analysed for their in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility using the disk diffusion method. The most frequently isolated pathogens were group C Streptococci (27.

In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of equine clinical isolates from France, 2006-2016.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyse antimicrobial susceptibility evolution of equine pathogens isolated from clinical samples from 2006-2016.

Methods: A collection of 25 813 bacterial isolates was studied, clustered according to their origins (respiratory tract, cutaneous, genital and other), and analysed for their antimicrobial susceptibility using the disk diffusion method.

Results: The most frequently isolated pathogens were group C Streptococci (27.

Are animals a source of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in human infections? Contributions of a nationwide molecular study.

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Sm) is an archetypal environmental opportunistic bacterium responsible for health care-associated infections. The role of animals in human Sm infections is unknown. This study aims to reveal the genetic and phylogenetic relationships between pathogenic strains of Sm, both animal and human, and identify a putative role for animals as a reservoir in human infection.

Physiological measurements and prevalence of lower airway diseases in Trotters with dorsal displacement of the soft palate.

Reasons For Performing Study: Dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP) is one of the most common obstructive conditions of the upper respiratory tract in the racehorse. This condition has a complex aetiology which may be caused or exacerbated by pharyngeal inflammation. Additionally, lower respiratory airway diseases may be associated with DDSP thereby contributing to exercise intolerance in these horses.

Multiplex PCR targeting tpi (triose phosphate isomerase), tcdA (Toxin A), and tcdB (Toxin B) genes for toxigenic culture of Clostridium difficile.

A multiplex PCR toxigenic culture approach was designed for simultaneous identification and toxigenic type characterization of Clostridium difficile isolates. Three pairs of primers were designed for the amplification of (i) a species-specific internal fragment of the tpi (triose phosphate isomerase) gene, (ii) an internal fragment of the tcdB (toxin B) gene, and (iii) an internal fragment of the tcdA (toxin A) gene allowing distinction between toxin A-positive, toxin B-positive (A+B+) strains and toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive (A-B+) variant strains. The reliability of the multiplex PCR was established by using a panel of 72 C.

Investigation of Neospora sp. antibodies in aborted mares from Normandy, France.

Neospora caninum, an apicomplexan protozoan parasite, is recognized as a major cause of abortion in cattle while limited information is presently available on association between equine Neospora infections and abortions. The aim of the present study was to document prevalence of antibodies against Neospora sp. in aborted mares as a clue to the role of N.

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-infected primary effusion lymphoma has a plasma cell gene expression profile.

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus is associated with three human tumors: Kaposi's sarcoma, and the B cell lymphomas, plasmablastic lymphoma associated with multicentric Castleman's disease, and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). Epstein-Barr virus, the closest human relative of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, mimics host B cell signaling pathways to direct B cell development toward a memory B cell phenotype. Epstein-Barr virus-associated B cell tumors are presumed to arise as a consequence of this virus-mediated B cell activation.

Molecular classification of synovial sarcomas, leiomyosarcomas and malignant fibrous histiocytomas by gene expression profiling.

In this study, we have used genome-wide expression profiling to categorise synovial sarcomas, leiomyosarcomas and malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFHs). Following hierarchical clustering analysis of the expression data, the best match between tumour clusters and conventional diagnosis was observed for synovial sarcomas. Eight of nine synovial sarcomas examined formed a cluster that was characterised by higher expression of a set of 48 genes.

Identification of amplified and expressed genes in breast cancer by comparative hybridization onto microarrays of randomly selected cDNA clones.

Microarray analysis using sets of known human genes provides a powerful platform for identifying candidate oncogenes involved in DNA amplification events but suffers from the disadvantage that information can be gained only on genes that have been preselected for inclusion on the array. To address this issue, we have performed comparative genome hybridization (CGH) and expression analyses on microarrays of clones, randomly selected from a cDNA library, prepared from a cancer containing the DNA amplicon under investigation. Application of this approach to the BT474 breast carcinoma cell line, which contains amplicons at 20q13, 17q11-21, and 17q22-23, identified 50 amplified and expressed genes, including genes from these regions previously proposed as candidate oncogenes.

Characterization of mutations in the rpoB gene associated with rifampin resistance in Rhodococcus equi isolated from foals.

Treatment with a combination of erythromycin and rifampin has considerably improved survival rates of foals and immunocompromised patients suffering from severe pneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi. Frequently, because of monotherapy, emergence of rifampin-resistant strains has been responsible for treatment failure. Using consensus oligonucleotides, we have amplified and sequenced the rifampin resistance (Rif(r))-determining regions of 12 rifampin-resistant R.

Effects of mutations of the alpha His45 residue of Vibrio harveyi luciferase on the yield and reactivity of the flavin peroxide intermediate.

This work was undertaken to investigate the functional consequences of mutations of the essential alpha His45 residue of Vibrio harveyi luciferase, especially with respect to the yield and reactivity of the flavin 4a-hydroperoxide intermediate II. A total of 14 luciferase variants, each with a different single-residue replacement for the alpha His45, were examined. These variants showed changes, mostly slight, in their light decay rates of the nonturnover luminescence reaction and in their Km values for decanal and reduced riboflavin 5'-phosphate (FMNH2).