"Percentage" and "size" of residual viable tumor in lymph node, the performance in estimating pathologic response of lymph node in non-small cell lung cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy.

There is no universally accepted method for evaluating lymph node metastasis (LNM) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy. Different protocols recommend evaluating the percentage of residual viable tumor (RVT%) and metastatic tumor size (MTS). Our aim was to determine the prognostic significance of RVT% and MTS, and identify the more effective parameter for pathological evaluating LNM.

A patient-specific lung cancer assembloid model with heterogeneous tumor microenvironments.

Cancer models play critical roles in basic cancer research and precision medicine. However, current in vitro cancer models are limited by their inability to mimic the three-dimensional architecture and heterogeneous tumor microenvironments (TME) of in vivo tumors. Here, we develop an innovative patient-specific lung cancer assembloid (LCA) model by using droplet microfluidic technology based on a microinjection strategy.

Patient-derived tumor-like cell clusters for personalized chemo- and immunotherapies in non-small cell lung cancer.

Many patient-derived tumor models have emerged recently. However, their potential to guide personalized drug selection remains unclear. Here, we report patient-derived tumor-like cell clusters (PTCs) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), capable of conducting 100-5,000 drug tests within 10 days.

The differential diagnosis of lung precursor glandular lesions, micro-invasive adenocarcinoma, and invasive adenocarcinoma using low dose spectral computed tomography perfusion imaging.

Background: Few studies about the association between computed tomography (CT) perfusion imaging parameters and invasiveness in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have been conducted using low dose spectral CT perfusion imaging. The purpose of this study was to investigate application of spectral revolution CT low-dose perfusion imaging in the differential diagnosis of different pathological subtypes of LUAD.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study based on historical data from January 2018 to May 2019 in Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute.

Prediction of the lymphatic, microvascular, and perineural invasion of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors using preoperative magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: Significant correlation between lymphatic, microvascular, and perineural invasion (LMPI) and the prognosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PENTs) was confirmed by previous studies. There was no previous study reported the relationship between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters and LMPI.

Aim: To determine the feasibility of using preoperative MRI of the pancreas to predict LMPI in patients with non-functioning PENTs (NFPNETs).

Assessing treatment outcomes of chemoimmunotherapy in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: an integrated clinical and radiomics approach.

Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly malignant cancer characterized by metastasis and an extremely poor prognosis. Although combined chemoimmunotherapy improves the prognosis of extensive-stage (ES)-SCLC, the survival benefits remain limited. Furthermore, no reliable biomarker is available so far to predict the treatment outcomes for chemoimmunotherapy.

An Effective Malignancy Prediction Model for Incidentally Detected Pulmonary Subsolid Nodules Based on Current and Prior CT Scans.

Introduction: It is challenging to diagnose and manage incidentally detected pulmonary subsolid nodules due to their indolent nature and heterogeneity. The objective of this study is to construct a decision tree-based model to predict malignancy of a subsolid nodule based on radiomics features and evolution over time.

Materials And Methods: We derived a training set (2947 subsolid nodules), a test set (280 subsolid nodules) from a cohort of outpatient CT scans, and a second test set (5171 subsolid nodules) from the National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST).

Low-dose spectral CT perfusion imaging of lung cancer quantitative analysis in different pathological subtypes.

Background: To explore the value of the quantitative parameters of low-dose computed tomography (CT) perfusion in the diagnosis of lung cancers of different pathological types.

Methods: Eighty-five patients with lung cancer confirmed by pathology underwent enhanced spectral CT imaging with a General Electric (GE) Revolution Xtream CT scanner, including 7 patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma, 8 patients with small cell carcinoma, 67 patients with lung adenocarcinoma, and 3 patients with other pathologies. The low-dose CT perfusion parameters [blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), time of arrival (IRF TO), maximum slope of increase (MSI), mean transit time (MTT), positive enhancement integral (PEI), time to peak (TTP) and time to maximum (Tmax)] were calculated and compared among the first three groups.

CircACC1 Promotes NSCLC Proliferation miR-29c-3p/MCL-1 Signaling Pathway.

Non-small cell lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with high morbidity and mortality. There is an urgent need to reveal new molecular mechanisms that contribute to NSCLC progression to facilitate drug development and to improve overall survival. Much attention has been paid to the role of circRNAs in NSCLC development.

Major pathologic response assessment and clinical significance of metastatic lymph nodes after neoadjuvant therapy for non-small cell lung cancer.

For neoadjuvant therapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer, the major pathologic response of primary tumors may be an assessable and reliable surrogate measure of survival. Few studies have examined the pathologic evaluation of metastatic lymph node responses and their prognostic significance. This retrospective study enrolled 336 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (squamous cell carcinoma, n = 216; adenocarcinoma, n = 120) treated with neoadjuvant therapy including chemotherapy (n = 316) and targeted therapy (adenocarcinoma, n = 20).

Hypofractionated Volumetric-Modulated Arc Radiotherapy for Patients With Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Not Suitable for Surgery or Conventional Chemoradiotherapy or SBRT.

Background: Hypofractionated radiotherapy (HypoRT) has been used to pursue an alternative treatment regimen for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who are not eligible for stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR), surgery or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and has shown good local control and safety. We analyzed the feasibility of using volumetric-modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) with the simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) technique to achieve high local control with few treatment-related toxicities.

Patients And Methods: A total of 55 patients with stage I-IV NSCLC who were not candidates for SABR, surgery or CCRT were included in the present study.

Virtual bronchoscopic navigation without fluoroscopy guidance for peripheral pulmonary lesions in inexperienced pulmonologist.

Objective: Fluoroscopy guidance is generally required for endobronchial ultrasonography with guide sheath (EBUS-GS) in peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs). Virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN) can guide the bronchoscope by creating virtual images of the bronchial route to the lesion. The diagnostic yield and safety profiles of VBN without fluoroscopy for PPLs have not been evaluated in inexperienced pulmonologist performing EBUS-GS.

Spectral CT imaging parameters and Ki-67 labeling index in lung adenocarcinoma.

Objective: To explore the correlation between the spectral computed tomography (CT) imaging parameters and the Ki-67 labeling index in lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods: Spectral CT imaging parameters [iodine concentrations of lesions (ICLs) in the arterial phase (ICLa) and venous phase (ICLv), normalized IC in the aorta (NICa/NICv), slope of the spectral HU curve (λHUa/λHUv) and monochromatic CT number enhancement on 40 keV and 70 keV images (CT40keVa/v, CT70keVa/v)] in 34 lung adenocarcinomas were analyzed, and common molecular markers, including the Ki-67 labeling index, were detected with immunohistochemistry. Different Ki-67 labeling indexes were measured and grouped into four grades according to the number of positive-stained cells (grade 0, ≤1%; 1%30%).

Is there any correlation between spectral CT imaging parameters and PD-L1 expression of lung adenocarcinoma?

Background: The aim of this study was to explore whether spectral computed tomography (CT) imaging parameters are associated with PD-L1 expression of lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods: Spectral CT imaging parameters (iodine concentrations [IC] of lesion in arterial phase [ICLa] and venous phase [ICLv], normalized IC [NICa/NICv]-normalized to the IC in the aorta, slope of the spectral HU curve [λHUa/λHUv] and enhanced monochromatic CT number [CT40keVa/v, CT70keVa/v] on 40 and 70 keV images) were analyzed in 34 prospectively enrolled lung adenocarcinoma patients with common molecular pathological markers including PD-L1 expression detected with immunohistochemistry. Patients were divided into two groups: positive PD-L1 expression and negative PD-L1 expression groups.

[Diagnostic Utility of Virtual Bronchoscopic Navigation Assisted Endobronchial Ultrasonography with Guide Sheath for Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions].

Background: Virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN) assisted endobronchial ultrasonography with guide sheath (EBUS-GS) has reduced the difficulty and even avoiding radiation exposure during performing transbronchus lung biopsy (TBLB). To evaluate the feasibility and safety of virtual bronchoscopic navigation assisted endobronchial ultrasonography with guide sheath for peripheral pulmonary lesions.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the patients with PPLs who received VBN assisted EBUS-GS-TBLB in Peking University Cancer Hospital from January 2016 to December 2017.

Can spectral computed tomography imaging improve the differentiation between malignant and benign pulmonary lesions manifesting as solitary pure ground glass, mixed ground glass, and solid nodules?

Background: This study quantitatively assessed the efficacy of spectral computed tomography (CT) imaging parameters for differentiating the malignancy and benignity of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) manifesting as ground glass nodules (GGNs) and solid nodules (SNs).

Methods: The study included 114 patients with SPNs (61 GGNs, and 53 SNs) who underwent CT plain and enhanced scans in the arterial (a) and venous (v) phases using the spectral imaging mode. The spectral CT imaging parameters included: iodine concentrations (IC) of lesions in the arterial (ICLa) and venous (ICLv) phases; normalized IC (NICa/NICv, normalized to the IC in the aorta); the slope of the spectral Hounsfield unit (HU) curve (λHUa/λHUv); and monochromatic CT number (CT40keVa/v, CT70keVa/v) enhancement on 40 and 70 keV images.

Multivariate Analysis of Pleural Invasion of Peripheral Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer-Based Computed Tomography Features.

Objective: The aim of this study was to comprehensively analyze computed tomography features to improve the diagnostic accuracy of visceral pleural invasion of peripheral non-small cell lung cancer.

Methods: The computed tomography features of 205 non-small cell lung cancer patients were retrospectively studied. The lesion's relation to the pleura was classified into 5 grades.

Diffusion-weighted images (DWI) without ADC values in assessment of small focal nodules in cirrhotic liver.

Objective: To assess if diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging without apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values provides added diagnostic value in combination with conventional MR imaging in the detection and characterization of small nodules in cirrhotic liver.

Methods: Two observers retrospectively and independently analyzed 86 nodules (≤3 cm) certified pathologically in 33 patients with liver cirrhosis, including 48 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) nodules, 13 high-grade dysplastic nodules (HDN), 10 low-grade dysplastic nodules (LDNs) and 15 other benign nodules. All these focal nodules were evaluated with conventional MR images (T1-weighted, T2-weighted and dynamic gadolinium-enhanced images) and breath-hold diffusion-weighted images (DWI) (b=500 s/mm(2)).

Assessment of the hepatic microvascular changes in liver cirrhosis by perfusion computed tomography.

Aim: To assess the hepatic microvascular parameters in patients with liver cirrhosis by perfusion computed tomography (CT).

Methods: Perfusion CT was performed in 29 patients without liver disease (control subjects) and 39 patients with liver cirrhosis, including 22 patients with compensated cirrhosis and 17 patients with decompensated cirrhosis, proved by clinical and laboratory parameters. CT cine-scans were obtained over 50 s beginning with the injection of 50 mL of contrast agent.