Analysis and trends of caesarean sections using Robson's classification over 7-year period at a rural teaching hospital.

Background: A ten-group classification system of caesarean section was proposed by Michael Robson in 2001. It is helpful in comparing the rates of caesarean section between hospitals. The objective of this study was to determine the caesarean section rates to analyse trends of caesarean section and classify according to Robson's categories.

Informed consent and ethical issues pertaining to female sterilization-Scoping review.

Background: Female sterilization, a safe, permanent method of contraception that blocks the fallopian tubes, has been in use since the 19th century. The procedure necessitates informed consent, a critical step that has been marred by reports of forced sterilization since World War II. These incidents often stem from inadequate consent processes where ethical principles are overlooked or deliberately flouted.

Professional quality of life amongst nurses in psychiatric observation units.

Background: Professional quality of life amongst nurses in psychiatric observations units may be affected by working conditions such as an overflow of mental health care users (MHCUs), a shortage of nurses, lack of specialised staff and inadequate infrastructure to accommodate MHCUs amongst others.

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the professional quality of life amongst nurses in psychiatric observation units.

Setting: The study was conducted in psychiatric observation units in eight hospitals in the Metropole District Health Services in the Western Cape.

Permanent mandibular protostylid: A rare developmental anomaly and its overview.

Developmental malformations of the teeth might result in alterations of their size, shape, and structure. An accessory cusp is a developmental alteration to the shape of the teeth and is more commonly found in anterior teeth, and its occurrence in permanent molars is quite rare. Accessory cusps occurring in permanent mandibular molars are termed as protostylids.

Factors affecting the outcome of surgical evacuation of spontaneous deep intra cerebral bleeds.

Background: Patients with spontaneous deep intra cerebral bleeds have a poor outcome where in the mortality range is from 32% to 50% and with only 10% being functionally independent after 30 days. The indications for surgical evacuation of spontaneous deep intra cerebral bleeds are poorly defined. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors associated with improved survival rates at 30 days following evacuation of deep intracerebral bleeds.

In situ posterolateral and fibular interbody fusion in high grade spondylolysthesis.

Objective: High-grade spondylolysthesis and spondyloptosis management have various options. There were no large series reported to support any particular treatment modality. The aim of surgery is to get solid bony fusion to get relief of instability and its symptoms as well as relief of neurological symptoms.

Traumatic intracranial prolapse of eye ball - a case report.

We report a rare condition in a child where the skull fracture was associated with prolapse of orbital contents into anterior cranial fossa. CT scan findings are very much pathognomonic. This patient was operated, orbital contents have been relocated and orbital roof was reconstructed, but vision could not be restored.