Postnatal development of Blake's pouch cyst: a case report and new insight for its pathogenesis.

Blake's pouch cyst (BPC), a rare cystic malformation in the posterior fossa, is believed to be caused by the congenital expansion of the posterior membranous area that normally regresses during embryogenesis. However, due to the wide spectrum of the onset pattern and age of patients, the natural history and the pathogenesis are poorly understood. The authors describe the case of a girl who admitted with headache and right abducens nerve paresis at the age of 3 years and 10 months.

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine.

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. We describe a previously healthy 2-year-old boy with ADEM, who exhibited high fever, lethargy, and recurrent seizures at 25 days after H1N1 influenza vaccination. To our knowledge, there has been only one report of ADEM following the 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine, although such vaccination is accompanied with optic neuritis apart from this case.

Phrenic nerve palsy associated with birth trauma--case reports and a literature review.

Phrenic nerve palsy is a peripheral nerve disorder caused by excessive cervical extension due to birth trauma or cardiac surgery. We describe two new patients with phrenic nerve palsy associated with birth trauma. Both patients exhibited profound dyspnea and general hypotonia immediately after birth.