3D cone-beam CT with a twin robotic x-ray system in elbow imaging: comparison of image quality to high-resolution multidetector CT.

Background: Elbow imaging is challenging with conventional multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), while cone-beam CT (CBCT) provides superior options. We compared intra-individually CBCT versus MDCT image quality in cadaveric elbows.

Methods: A twin robotic x-ray system with new CBCT mode and a high-resolution clinical MDCT were compared in 16 cadaveric elbows.

Evaluation of Ultra-High-Resolution Cone-Beam CT Prototype of Twin Robotic Radiography System for Cadaveric Wrist Imaging.

Rationale And Objectives: Cone-beam CT (CBCT) applications possess potential for dose reduction in musculoskeletal imaging. This study evaluates the ultra-high-resolution CBCT prototype of a twin robotic X-ray system in wrist examinations compared to high-resolution multidetector CT (MDCT).

Materials And Methods: Sixteen wrists of body donors were examined with the CBCT scan mode and a 384 slice MDCT system.

Twin Robotic X-Ray System for 3D Cone-Beam CT of the Wrist: An Evaluation of Image Quality and Radiation Dose.

The purpose of this study was to assess image quality and radiation dose of a novel twin robotic x-ray system's 3D cone-beam CT (CBCT) function for the depiction of cadaveric wrists. Sixteen cadaveric wrists were scanned using dedicated low-dose and standard-dose CBCT protocols as well as clinical MDCT for comparison. Three readers assessed overall image quality, noise, and artifacts in bone and soft tissue on 5-point Likert scales.

3D cone-beam CT of the ankle using a novel twin robotic X-ray system: Assessment of image quality and radiation dose.

Purpose: To evaluate image quality (IQ) and radiation dose in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the ankle using a novel twin robotic X-ray system.

Method: We examined 16 cadaveric ankles with standard-dose (FD) and low-dose (LD) protocols using the new system's CBCT mode. For comparison, we performed multi-slice CT imaging (MSCT) with a clinical protocol.

A Modified Tripeptide Motif of RS1 () Down-Regulates Exocytotic Pathways of Human Na-d-glucose Cotransporters SGLT1, SGLT2, and Glucose Sensor SGLT3 in the Presence of Glucose.

A domain of protein RS1 () called RS1-Reg down-regulates the plasma membrane abundance of Na-d-glucose cotransporter SGLT1 by blocking the exocytotic pathway at the -Golgi. This effect is blunted by intracellular glucose but prevails when serine in a QSP (Gln-Ser-Pro) motif is replaced by glutamate [RS1-Reg(S20E)]. RS1-Reg binds to ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and inhibits ODC in a glucose-dependent manner.

In vitro evaluation of a new iterative reconstruction algorithm for dose reduction in coronary artery calcium scoring.

Background: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring is a widespread tool for cardiac risk assessment in asymptomatic patients and accompanying possible adverse effects, i.e. radiation exposure, should be as low as reasonably achievable.

Protein RS1 (RSC1A1) Downregulates the Exocytotic Pathway of Glucose Transporter SGLT1 at Low Intracellular Glucose via Inhibition of Ornithine Decarboxylase.

Na-d-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) is rate-limiting for glucose absorption in the small intestine. Shortly after intake of glucose-rich food, SGLT1 abundance in the luminal membrane of the small intestine is increased. This upregulation occurs via glucose-induced acceleration of the release of SGLT1-containing vesicles from the trans-Golgi network (TGN), which is regulated by a domain of protein RS1 (RSC1A1) named RS1-Reg.

Phosphorylation of RS1 (RSC1A1) Steers Inhibition of Different Exocytotic Pathways for Glucose Transporter SGLT1 and Nucleoside Transporter CNT1, and an RS1-Derived Peptide Inhibits Glucose Absorption.

Cellular uptake adapts rapidly to physiologic demands by changing transporter abundance in the plasma membrane. The human gene RSC1A1 codes for a 67-kDa protein named RS1 that has been shown to induce downregulation of the sodium-D-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) and of the concentrative nucleoside transporter 1 (CNT1) in the plasma membrane by blocking exocytosis at the Golgi. Injecting RS1 fragments into Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing SGLT1 or CNT1 and measuring the expressed uptake of α-methylglucoside or uridine 1 hour later, we identified a RS1 domain (RS1-Reg) containing multiple predicted phosphorylation sites that is responsible for this post-translational downregulation of SGLT1 and CNT1.

Na(+)-D-glucose cotransporter SGLT1 is pivotal for intestinal glucose absorption and glucose-dependent incretin secretion.

To clarify the physiological role of Na(+)-D-glucose cotransporter SGLT1 in small intestine and kidney, Sglt1(-/-) mice were generated and characterized phenotypically. After gavage of d-glucose, small intestinal glucose absorption across the brush-border membrane (BBM) via SGLT1 and GLUT2 were analyzed. Glucose-induced secretion of insulinotropic hormone (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in wild-type and Sglt1(-/-) mice were compared.