[Clinical "Experience" as a Criterion of Evidence? Psychiatric Contributions to a Post-War Debate on a "Reform of Medicine" and the Development of Jürg Zutt's "Understanding Anthropology"].

At the Wiesbaden Internist Congress of 1949, Alexander Mitscherlich and Viktor von Weizsäcker called for an expansion of the scientific concept of causality to include the search for the meaning of illness in one's personal history. This called into question a traditional psychiatric paradigm which presumed somatic causes of mental illness. Additionally, common psychiatric evidence practices were put to the test.

[The province of East Prussia and "euthanasia" during national socialism: the SS-"Aktion Lange" and "Aktion T4"].

During World War II, psychiatric patients hospitalized in asylums in Eastern Prussia became victims of two separate killing programmes: first, by the SS-special command Lange, second by the centrally (in Berlin) organized "euthanasia"-"Aktion T4". By an analysis of the patient files of the victims, the present paper shows that the historical actors responsible for the killings were communicating with each other. It is now also possible to reconstruct the exact dynamic in time and space of the killings.