[Assessment of primary and secondary misallocations in the German Diagnosis Related Groups (G-DRG) system in otorhinolaryngology].

Objective: Within the scope of a prospective study, the assessment reports completed in Otorhinolaryngology between March 1, 2011 and December 31, 2018 by the Health Advisory Boards in the German federal states of Lower Saxony and Bremen were analyzed regarding the primary and secondary misallocation in the G-DRG system.

Methods: The assessment reports were documented using a standardized database system, which was developed on the basis of the electronic data interchange (EDI) by the Health Advisory Board in Lower Saxony. In addition, the documentation of medical assessment reports according to the G-DRG system was used for data analysis.

[Assessment of Coding in German Diagnosis Related Groups System in Otorhinolaryngology].

Background: Prospective analysis of assessment reports in otorhinolaryngology for the period 01-03-2011 to 31-03-2017 by the Health Advisory Boards in Lower Saxony and Bremen, Germany in relation to coding in the G-DRG-System.

Material And Methods: The assessment reports were documented using a standardized database system developed on the basis of the electronic data exchange (DTA) by the Health Advisory Board in Lower Saxony. In addition, the documentation of the assessment reports according to the G-DRG system was used for assessment.

Diseases of the salivary glands in infants and adolescents.

Background: Diseases of the salivary glands are rare in infants and children (with the exception of diseases such as parotitis epidemica and cytomegaly) and the therapeutic regimen differs from that in adults. It is therefore all the more important to gain exact and extensive insight into general and special aspects of pathological changes of the salivary glands in these age groups. Etiology and pathogenesis of these entities is still not yet fully known for the age group in question so that general rules for treatment, based on clinical experience, cannot be given, particularly in view of the small number of cases of the different diseases.

Improvement of chronic facial pain and facial dyskinesia with the help of botulinum toxin application.

Background: Facial pain syndromes can be very heterogeneous and need individual diagnosis and treatment. This report describes an interesting case of facial pain associated with eczema and an isolated dyskinesia of the lower facial muscles following dental surgery. Different aspects of the pain, spasms and the eczema will be discussed.

Peri- and postoperative complications after laser surgery of tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract.

Background: Because of the increasing use of laser surgery for tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract, there is also a discussion in peri- and postoperative complications of this kind of surgery. It was the aim of the present investigation, based on a great number of treated patients, to point out the complications of laser surgery and give a hint for possible dangers.

Patients And Methods: Altogether, 1528 patients suffering from tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract were investigated.

The role of botulinum toxin in the management of head and neck cancer patients.

Purpose Of Review: In this review article different relevant applications of botulinum toxin type A are demonstrated in patients with head and neck cancer.

Recent Findings: Patients with head and neck cancers of different etiologies often suffer from disorders concerning their musculature (for example, synkinesis in mimic muscles) or gland secretion in the head and neck region. This leads to many problems and reduces their quality of life.

Tumors of the salivary glands in childhood and adolescence.

Purpose: We report on 52 juvenile and adolescent patients with benign and malignant tumors of the salivary glands. Controlled follow-up was carried out to examine outcome and side effects of therapy.

Patients And Methods: The clinical files of 52 patients were evaluated by computer-based methods.

Immunohistochemical investigations of the influence of botulinum toxin A on the immunoreactivity of nNOS in the parotid gland of the rat.

Purpose: We wanted to prove the hypothesis that local injections of botulinum toxin A have an influence on the immunoreactivity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in parotid glands of adult rats.

Materials And Methods: Our group carried out immunohistochemical reaction of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the parotid gland of female adult Wistar rats, in native (untreated) glands and after intraglandular injection of botulinum toxin A under general anesthesia. The immunoreactivity of nNOS was investigated on different times after injection.

The effect of local injection of botulinum toxin A on the immunoreactivity of nNOS in the rat submandibular gland: an immunohistochemical study.

Purpose: In our study, we intend to investigate the influence of local injections of botulinum toxin A on the activity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in submandibular glands of adult rats. Since interest has been focused on the role of nitric oxide (NO) as a possible neuromodulator of secretory regulation processes in the upper aerodigestive tract, it was the aim of the present study to show that the toxin also interferes with the metabolic actions of NO on investigated rat submandibular glands. It is of great clinical interest whether the NO pathway is able to influence salivary gland secretion.

Reduction of salivary flow with botulinum toxin: extended report on 33 patients with drooling, salivary fistulas, and sialadenitis.

Objectives/hypothesis: The aim of the study was the evaluation of the clinical data of 33 patients who had had drooling attributable to various diseases, salivary fistulas, and sialadenitis and had been treated with injection of botulinum toxin type A (Botox). A controlled follow-up study documenting efficiency, possible side effects, and duration of the effect of treatment was also performed.

Study Design: Retrospective clinical evaluation.

Immunohistochemical evidence of nNOS and changes after intraglandular application of botulinum toxin A in cephalic salivary glands of adult rats.

The purpose of our study was to investigate the possible influence of local injections of botulinum toxin A on the activity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in cephalic salivary glands of adult rats. The role of nitric oxide (NO) as a possible neuromodulator of vascular regulation and in particular regulation of secretion in the upper respiratory and aerodigestive tract is discussed. We present immunohistochemical evidence of nNOS in the salivary glands of female adult Wistar rats, both in native (untreated) glands and after intraglandular injection of botulinum toxin A under general anesthesia.

Up-to-date report of botulinum toxin therapy in patients with drooling caused by different etiologies.

Purpose: In this study, we evaluated the clinical data for patients with drooling caused by various diseases, treated by injection of botulinum toxin A. We also present a controlled follow-up study documenting efficiency, possible adverse events, and duration of the effect of treatment.

Patients And Methods: Thirteen patients with drooling caused by head and neck carcinoma, neurodegenerative diseases, or stroke received injections of 50 to 65 U botulinum toxin A (Botox; Allergan, Irvine, CA) in both submandibular and both parotid glands under sonographic control.

Botulinum toxin to reduce saliva flow: selected indications for ultrasound-guided toxin application into salivary glands.

Objectives/hypothesis: The study investigates the effect of local injections of botulinum toxin type A (Botox) into the major salivary glands of the head in various states of hypersalivation. In particular, we studied pathological states with permanent as well as passing hypersalivation disorders and present new indications for local application of botulinum toxin to the salivary glands.

Study Design: Retrospective clinical investigation.