Prenatal diagnostics in TESA/PESA pregnancies in Denmark 1995-2007: a shift from invasive procedures to nuchal translucency examination.

Evidently, children born after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are at an increased risk of having sex chromosomal abnormalities. Here we evaluate the change in methods used for prenatal diagnostics in patients having ICSI with epididymal or testicular sperm from the introduction of the procedure in 1995 until December 2007. Four hundred and fifty pregnancies resulted in the birth of 553 children.

[Heterotopic pregnancy after in vitro fertilization].

Until December 1991, 1171 pregnancies had been established in Denmark after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Thirteen of these pregnancies were heterotopic (1.1%).

[Freezing of human embryos. A review of and a suggestion to unified guidelines for treatment at public fertility clinics in Denmark].

In Denmark, legislation has made cryopreservation of human oocytes and embryos possible since October 1992. The legislation is reviewed. Cryopreservation of embryos constitutes a significant improvement of infertility treatment.

[Ovum donation. A review of and a suggestion to unified guidelines for treatment at public fertility clinics in Denmark].

The most common indication for oocyte donation is ovarian insufficiency due to premature menopause or resistant ovarian syndrome and ovarian dysgenesis with either normal or abnormal (e.g. Turner's syndrome) karyotype.

[Fertilization in vitro. A review over the medical indications and suggestion to unified guidelines for public fertility clinics in Denmark].

Medical indications for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) internationally and in Denmark are reviewed. Reports from large international centres document that tubal infertility, unexplained infertility, endometriosis and male infertility are equally good indications for IVF. Traditionally, tubal infertility has been the only medical indication qualifying for IVF treatment within the National Health Service in Denmark.

Heterotopic pregnancies after in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer--a Danish survey.

Thirteen cases of heterotopic pregnancy were diagnosed among 1171 pregnancies established in Denmark after in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Thus the frequency of heterotopic pregnancy was 13/1171 or 1.1%.

Acute tissue effects during transcervical endometrial resection.

The acute tissue effects of transcervical endometrial resection (TCRE) with a standard Iglesias resectoscope using glycine 1.5% for irrigation were studied in 8 women prior to hysterectomy. Combinations of 80 or 120 W cutting current with blend 1 or 2 were applied for endometrial resection, preceded by cornual endometrial coagulation with the roller ball electrode with a coagulation effect of 40 or 60 W.

Effects of vasodilators on isolated human uteroplacental arteries.

The effects of the vasodilator drugs hydralazine, labetalol, prazosin, and nitrendipine were studied on responses to K+ (124 mmol/L), noradrenaline, vasopressin, and angiotensin II in small human maternal intramyometrial arteries and on responses to K+, prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha, and angiotensin II in fetal stem villous arteries. The vessels were dissected from biopsy specimens obtained during term cesareans and mounted in organ baths. Hydralazine failed to inhibit responses to any of the agonists tested in the fetal and maternal arteries.

[Transabdominal chorion villus biopsy following abnormal ultrasonic findings in the second trimester].

If oligohydramnios, growth retardation or foetal malformations are demonstrated by ultrasonic scanning in the second or third trimesters, this implies that the risk of chromosome anomalies is significantly increased. In cases such as these, determination of the foetal karyotype may therefore be indicated. Until recently, amniocentesis has been employed for this but the results of the chromosome investigation are not available until two to three weeks after the intervention.

Effect of endogenous vasoconstrictors on maternal intramyometrial and fetal stem villous arteries in pre-eclampsia.

The contractile responses to various endogenous vasoactive agents were investigated in isolated human uteroplacental arteries from normotensive (NT) patients and patients with pre-eclampsia (PE) undergoing caesarian section. Tissue samples were obtained from the uterine incision and from macroscopically normal cotyledons. Vascular ring preparations of intramyometrial and stem villous arteries (length 1.

[In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer at the community hospital in Arhus].

Treatment of tubal infertility with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) was introduced in the gynaecological/obstetric department of Arhus Municipal Hospital in February 1988. The principles of treatment are described. During the first ten months, 305 therapeutic cycles were carried out and clinical pregnancy occurred in 20.

Effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and substance P on human intramyometrial arteries and stem villous arteries in term pregnancy.

The effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and substance P on isolated human intramyometrial arteries and fetal stem villous arteries obtained from term pregnant women were compared. Ring preparations of small intramyometrial arteries and fetal stem villous arteries obtained at caesarean section were mounted in organ baths, and isometric tension was recorded. None of the peptides affected resting tension.

Effects of some neurotransmitters and prostanoids on isolated human intracervical arteries.

Human cervical tissue specimens were excised after hysterectomy at various phases of the menstrual cycle (n = 12), and small intracervical arteries were dissected free by microtechnique. Ring preparations of the vessels were prepared and mounted in organ baths, and isometric circular tension was recorded. Norepinephrine, 3 X 10(-8) to 10(-5) mol/L, produced concentration-dependent contractions, whereas 3 X 10(-7) to 10(-6) mol/L prostaglandin F2 alpha inconsistently produced weak contractions and slightly increased tension induced by 10(-5) mol/L norepinephrine.

Effects of VIP and PHM in human intracervical arteries.

The relaxing effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and peptide histidine methionine (PHM) on human intracervical arteries were studied. Cervical tissue specimens were excised after hysterectomy at various phases of the menstrual cycle (n = 12) and small intracervical arteries were dissected free by microtechnique. Ring preparations of the vessels were prepared and mounted in organ baths, and isometric circular tension was recorded.

Effects of human calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P on human intracervical arteries.

The contractile effects of substance P and human calcitonin gene-related peptide (human CGRP) on isolated human intracervical arteries were studied. Human cervical tissue specimens were excised after hysterectomy at various phases of the menstrual cycle (n = 14) and small intracervical arteries were dissected free by microtechnique. Ring preparations of the vessels were prepared and mounted in organ baths, and isometric circular tension was recorded.

Effects of thiopentone or chlormethiazole on human placental stem villous arteries.

Small placental stem villous arteries were micro dissected from specimens obtained at normal term vaginal delivery (n = 25). Ring preparations of the vessels were mounted in organ baths and isometric tension was measured. Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) 10(-7)-10(-4) mol litre-1 produced concentration-dependent contractile responses that were inhibited by thiopentone 10(-4)-10(-3) mol litre-1 and by chlormethiazole 3 x 10(-4)-3 x 10(-3) mol litre-1.

Relaxant effects of hexosamines on isolated small human placental arteries.

Wharton's jelly contains large amounts of hyaluronic acid, and glucosamine is an important constituent of this macromolecule. In order to evaluate the placental vascular effects of this aminosugar, small chorionic and stem villous arteries were dissected from placental specimens obtained at normal term vaginal deliveries (n = 15). Ring preparations were mounted in organ baths, and isometric wall tensions were measured.

Acute effects of nitrendipine in pregnancy-induced hypertension.

The acute effects of a single, 20 mg oral dose of nitrendipine were studied in 10 women at between 32 and 42 weeks gestation with stable pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). Blood pressure (BP), maternal heart rate and fetal heart rate (FHR) were assessed for 8 h after nitrendipine intake together with the plasma levels of nitrendipine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, plasma renin activity (PRA) and vasopressin. The mean initial systolic/diastolic BP was 158 (SEM 3.

Combined intracervical PGE2 and intra-amniotic PGF2 alpha for induction of 2nd trimester abortion.

Fourteen consecutive patients (mean gestational age 18.1 weeks, range 15-23 weeks) referred for therapeutic termination of pregnancy were induced into abortion by intra-amniotic PGF2 alpha 40 mg followed by oxytocin stimulation. 14 other patients (mean gestational age 17.

Rifampin and trimethoprim distribution in normal and hydronephrotic kidney and in prostate: an experimental study in dogs.

Concentrations of rifampin and trimethoprim, administered in the ratio 3.75:1 were measured in renal hilar lymph, renal interstitial fluid, prostatic interstitial fluid and prostatic secretion in dogs during constant infusion of the antibiotic combination. The lymph was obtained by direct cannulation of the lymphatics and the interstitial fluids from small plastic tissue chambers implanted 4 weeks before the experiments.

Relaxant and contractile effects of some amines and prostanoids in myometrial and vascular smooth muscle within the human uteroplacental unit.

Tissue specimens of human myometrium and placenta were obtained at caesarean section and normal vaginal deliveries. Strips of myometrial tissue, and segments of intramyometrial arteries, chorionic plate arteries and veins, and stem villous arteries were dissected. The preparations were mounted in organ baths, and isometric tension was recorded.

Differential effects of angiotensin, vasopressin and oxytocin on various smooth muscle tissues within the human uteroplacental unit.

Tissue specimens from various parts of the uteroplacental unit were obtained from women undergoing caesarean section, and placental tissue from women with normal deliveries. Strips of myometrial tissue, and segments of intramyometrial arteries were dissected together with segments of chorionic plate arteries and veins, and stem villous arteries. The preparations were mounted in organ baths, isometric tension recorded, and the responses to angiotensin II, vasopressin, and oxytocin were studied.