Key shifts in frontoparietal network activity in Parkinson's disease.

We aimed to study the effect of Parkinson's disease (PD) and motor-cognitive load on the interplay between activation level and spatial complexity. To that end, 68 PD patients and 30 controls underwent electroencephalography (EEG) recording while executing visual single- and dual- Go/No-go tasks. The EEG underwent source localization, followed by parcellation of the neural activity into 116 regions of interest.

Alterations in Response Switching in Parkinson's Disease: New Insights Into Cueing.

Switching, a critical executive function, can manifest as task switching (TS) or response switching (RS). Although TS impairments in Parkinson's disease (PD) are well-studied, RS, especially in contexts requiring adaptive behavior to external or internal cues, is less explored. This study evaluated the impact of PD on RS under exogenous and endogenous cueing.

TMS-evoked potentials unveil occipital network involvement in patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease within 5 years of inclusion.

Distinguishing Parkinson's disease (PD) subgroups may be achieved by observing network responses to external stimuli. We compared TMS-evoked potential (TEP) measures from stimulation of bilateral motor cortex (M1), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and visual cortex (V1) between 62 PD patients (age: 69.9 ± 7.

Cannabidiol-enriched oil for adult patients with drug-resistant epilepsy: Prospective clinical and electrophysiological study.

Objective: Cannabidiol-enriched oil (CBDO) is being used increasingly to improve seizure control in adult patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), despite the lack of large-scale studies supporting its efficacy in this patient population. We aimed to assess the effects of add-on CBDO on seizure frequency as well as on gait, cognitive, affective, and sleep-quality metrics, and to explore the electrophysiological changes in responder and non-responder DRE patients treated with add-on CBDO.

Methods: We prospectively recruited adult DRE patients who were treated with add-on CBDO.

Validity of the Short Weekly Calendar Planning Activity in patients with Parkinson disease and nonmanifesting LRRK2 and GBA carriers.

Background And Purpose: Subtle executive dysfunction is common in people newly diagnosed with Parkinson disease (PD), even when general cognitive abilities are intact. This study examined the Short Weekly Calendar Planning Activity (WCPA-10)'s known-group construct validity, comparing persons with PD to healthy controls (HCs) and nonmanifesting carriers of LRRK2 and GBA gene mutations to HCs. Additionally, convergent and ecological validity was examined.

Differences in EEG Event-Related Potentials during Dual Task in Parkinson's Disease Carriers and Non-Carriers of the G2019S-LRRK2 Mutation.

Background: The G2019S- gene mutation is a common cause of hereditary Parkinson's disease (PD), associated with a higher frequency of the postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD) motor phenotype yet with preserved cognition. This study investigated neurophysiological changes during motor and cognitive tasks in PD patients with and without the mutation.

Methods: 33 iPD patients and 22 patients performed the visual Go/NoGo task (VGNG) during sitting (single-task) and walking (dual-task) while wearing a 64-channel EEG cap.

Task-Related Reorganization of Cognitive Network in Parkinson's Disease Using Electrophysiology.

Background: Cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients are well described, however, their underlying neural mechanisms as assessed by electrophysiology are not clear.

Objectives: To reveal specific neural network alterations during the performance of cognitive tasks in PD patients using electroencephalography (EEG).

Methods: Ninety participants, 60 PD patients and 30 controls underwent EEG recording while performing a GO/NOGO task.

Decreased aperiodic neural activity in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies.

Neural oscillations and signal complexity have been widely studied in neurodegenerative diseases, whereas aperiodic activity has not been explored yet in those disorders. Here, we assessed whether the study of aperiodic activity brings new insights relating to disease as compared to the conventional spectral and complexity analyses. Eyes-closed resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded in 21 patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), 28 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), 27 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 22 age-matched healthy controls.

Paroxysmal Slow-Wave Events Are Uncommon in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is currently considered to be a multisystem neurodegenerative disease that involves cognitive alterations. EEG slowing has been associated with cognitive decline in various neurological diseases, such as PD, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and epilepsy, indicating cortical involvement. A novel method revealed that this EEG slowing is composed of paroxysmal slow-wave events (PSWE) in AD and epilepsy, but in PD it has not been tested yet.

Abnormal gait and motor cortical processing in drug-resistant juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.

Background: Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is characterized by generalized seizures. Nearly 30% of JME patients are drug-resistant (DR-JME), indicating a widespread cortical dysfunction. Walking is an important function that necessitates orchestrated coordination of frontocentral cortical regions.

EEG-Based Mapping of Resting-State Functional Brain Networks in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.

(1) Background: Directed functional connectivity (DFC) alterations within brain networks are described using fMRI. EEG has been scarcely used. We aimed to explore changes in DFC in the sensory-motor network (SMN), ventral-attention network (VAN), dorsal-attention network (DAN), and central-executive network (CEN) using an EEG-based mapping between PD patients and healthy controls (HCs).

Treadmill training in Parkinson's disease is underpinned by the interregional connectivity in cortical-subcortical network.

Treadmill training (TT) has been extensively used as an intervention to improve gait and mobility in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Regional and global effects on brain activity could be induced through TT. Training effects can lead to a beneficial shift of interregional connectivity towards a physiological range.

Neural activation in the prefrontal cortex during the digital clock drawing test measured with functional near-infrared spectroscopy in early stage Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: The clock drawing test (CDT) is a neuropsychological test for the screening of global cognitive functioning. The test requires use of multiple cognitive domains including executive functions, visuospatial abilities and semantic memory and can be a suitable tool for screening cognitive decline in participants in the early stages of Parkinson's Disease (PD). Behavioral performance on the CDT has been studied in depth, however, neural activation during real-time performance has not been extensively investigated.

The interplay between structural and functional connectivity in early stage Parkinson's disease patients.

The mechanisms underlying cognitive disturbances in Parkinson's disease (PD) are poorly understood but likely to depend on the ongoing degenerative processes affecting structural and functional connectivity (FC). This pilot study examined patterns of FC alterations during a cognitive task using EEG and structural characteristics of white matter (WM) pathways connecting these activated regions in early-stage PD. Eleven PD patients and nine healthy controls (HCs) underwent EEG recording during an auditory oddball task and MRI scans.

Effects of aging on cognitive and brain inter-network integration patterns underlying usual and dual-task gait performance.

Introduction: Aging affects the interplay between cognition and gait performance. Neuroimaging studies reported associations between gait performance and structural measures; however, functional connectivity (FC) analysis of imaging data can help to identify dynamic neural mechanisms underlying optimal performance. Here, we investigated the effects on divergent cognitive and inter-network FC patterns underlying gait performance during usual (UW) and dual-task (DT) walking.

Decreased delta-band event-related power in dementia with Lewy bodies with a mutation in the glucocerebrosidase gene.

Objective: To compare event-related oscillations in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) who are carriers and non-carriers of glucocerebrosidase (GBA) mutations.

Methods: EEG was recorded during a visual oddball task in eight Ashkenazi Jewish DLB patients with the N370S mutation in theGBAgene (GBA-DLB) and eleven DLB non-carriers. The time-frequency power and inter-trial phase clustering were calculated from the Morlet wavelet convolution for the midline electrodes.

Limited Ability to Adjust N2 Amplitude During Dual Task Walking in People With Drug-Resistant Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy.

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is one of the most common epileptic syndromes; it is estimated to affect 1 in 1,000 people worldwide. Most people with JME respond well to medication, but up to 30% of them are drug-resistant. To date, there are no biomarkers for drug resistance in JME, and the poor response to medications is identified in retrospect.

Event-related oscillations differentiate between cognitive, motor and visual impairments.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) share pathological and clinical similarities while differing in the timing and severity of motor cognitive and visual impairment. Previous EEG studies found abnormal neural oscillations in PD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease, however, the electrophysiological signature of clinical symptoms is still unclear. We assessed the specificity of event-related oscillations in distinguishing between cognitive, motor and visual involvement in patients with neurodegenerative conditions.

Neural Variability in the Prefrontal Cortex as a Reflection of Neural Flexibility and Stability in Patients With Parkinson Disease.

Background And Objectives: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) studies provide direct evidence of the important role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during walking in aging and Parkinson disease (PD). Most studies explored mean hemoglobin (HbO2) levels, while moment-to-moment variability measures have rarely been investigated. Variability measures can inform on flexibility, which is imperative for adaptive function.

Impaired Inhibitory Control During Walking in Parkinson's Disease Patients: An EEG Study.

Background: The performance on a visual Go/NoGo (VGNG) task during walking has been used to evaluate the effect of gait on response inhibition in young and older adults; however, no work has yet included Parkinson's disease (PD) patients for whom such changes may be even more enhanced.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of gait on automatic and cognitive inhibitory control phases in PD patients and the associated changes in neural activity and compared them with young and older adults.

Methods: 30 PD patients, 30 older adults, and 11 young adults performed a visual Go/NoGo task in a sitting position and during walking on a treadmill while their EEG activity and gait were recorded.

Gait and cognitive abnormalities are associated with regional cerebellar atrophy in elderly fallers - A pilot study.

Objectives: To investigate cerebellar lobule atrophy patterns in elderly fallers (EFs) and their association with gait and cognitive performance.

Background: Cognitive impairments, gait, and balance deficits are major risk factors for falls in older adults, however, their neural fingerprints remain poorly understood. Recent evidence from neuroimaging studies highlight the role of the cerebellum in both sensorimotor and cognitive networks, suggesting that it may contribute to fall risk.

A multimodal approach using TMS and EEG reveals neurophysiological changes in Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: Alterations in large scale neural networks leading to neurophysiological changes have been described in Parkinson's disease (PD). The combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) has been suggested as a promising tool to identify and quantify neurophysiological mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate specific changes in electrical brain activity in response to stimulation of four brain areas in patients with PD.