Effects of stress and ebiratide (Hoe-427) on free-choice ethanol consumption: comparison of Lewis and Sprague-Dawley rats.

The effects of immobilization stress, isolation stress and administration of Hoe-427 on free-choice consumption of ethanol by Lewis and Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. The animals were offered two-bottle choice consumption of 0.2% saccharin and 10% ethanol/0.

Pharmacological studies of centrifugation-induced analgesia.

Subjecting rats to a brief period of centrifugal rotation produces a brief analgesia (1-2 min) that is similar to that produced by pretreatment with morphine. The effect of the morphine is blocked by naloxone, while that of the centrifugal rotation is only partially blocked by the same dose of naloxone. Cholinergic blocking agents such as scopolamine are also capable of partially blocking the rotational-induced analgesia.

Subcellular distribution of tissue radiocopper following intravenous administration of 67Cu-labeled Cu-PTSM.

The subcellular distribution of radiocopper in the brain and liver of rats has been determined following i.v. administration of Cu-PTSM, pyruvaldehyde bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazonato)copper(II), labeled with copper-67.

Free-choice ethanol consumption by rats: effects of ACTH4-10.

The individual and interactive effects of immobilization stress, ACTH11-24 and ACTH4-10 on the free-choice consumption of ethanol in rats were studied. Stress and ethanol both result in activation of the HPA axis and release of ACTH1-39. The animals were offered a two-bottle choice consumption of 0.

Antagonism of physostigmine induced hypothermia and neuroendocrine changes following exposure to different environmental temperatures.

1. The magnitude of physostigmine-induced hypothermia increased with decreasing environmental temperature. 2.

The effect of Hoe-427 (an ACTH4-9 analog) on free-choice ethanol consumption in male and female rats.

Ethanol consummatory patterns of individual male and female rats and the effects of Hoe-427 (Ebiratide), an ACTH4-9 analog, thereon, were studied in a test system using 24 hour, two-bottle free choice consumption between 0.2% saccharin and 10% ethanol in 0.2% saccharin.

Effects of environmental temperature on hypothermia and neuroendocrine changes induced by soman.

The effects of environmental temperature on body temperature and neuroendocrine parameters were evaluated following a single acute dose (60 micrograms/kg) of soman. Plasma levels of corticosterone, glucose, and free fatty acids, as well as acetylcholinesterase activity in plasma, erythrocytes, and brain were determined over a 96-hr time course in rats maintained at 23-25, 14-16, and 3-5 degrees C. Considerable inhibition of plasma and erythrocyte acetylcholine hydrolysis activity was observed after administration of soman at all three environmental temperatures.

Differential effects of central and peripheral cholinergic blockade on water consumption by rats.

Atropine (5 mg/kg, s.c., twice daily) had no significant effect on 24-h water consumption on day 1 of treatment; on subsequent days the rats showed a significant increase.

Amphetamine enantiomers and rat consummatory behavior: a new perspective.

The anorectic actions of amphetamine have been known for over forty years, yet the precise relationship(s) between the enantiomeric forms of the drug and anorexia is not clearly understood. Previous studies have utilized primarily racemic amphetamine or its d-isomer in the analysis of feeding behavior. In the present investigation, a detailed examination of the effects of single and repeated equiactive doses of d- and l-amphetamine on food consumption by adult male rats was undertaken with emphasis on aspects of tolerance development.

Time course of physostigmine effects on neuroendocrine responding at varying environmental temperatures.

1. Hypothermia was found to be related to both the dose of physostigmine and the environmental temperature. 2.

The fate and toxicity of butyl nitrites.

In summary, all four butyl nitrites were found to be moderately toxic compounds in mice, especially when given PO, TBN was the least toxic and also the least potent in producing methemoglobinemia.

The role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in post-stress induced ethanol consumption by rats.

1. Previous studies conducted in our laboratory demonstrated that rats given a choice between a 0.1% saccharin solution or 10% ethanol/0.

Effects of anorectic agents in rats bearing the Walker-256 tumor.

Since changes of levels of biogenic amines have been found in some brain areas of rats bearing the Walker-256 tumor, a study was performed to assess the actions of three anorectic agents in such animals. The results obtained by dosage of d-amphetamine, fenfluramine or mazindol, on days 5 and 8 after tumor implantation, failed to demonstrate conclusively any predominant modification of a dopaminergic, noradrenergic, or serotonergic system in the anorectic effects of these agents.

Drug interactions with ethanol. Effects on body temperature and motor impairment.

Single doses of d-amphetamine, chlorpheniramine or diazepam were combined with ethanol under two conditions: (i) in drug-naive mice and (ii) in mice which had been given a single dose of ethanol 72 hr previously. Ethanol was administered orally at doses of 6.0, 3.

Differential analgetic actions of amphetamine enantiomers in the mouse: a drug-drug interaction study.

A series of agents were tested for their ability to interact with the analgetic actions of either d-amphetamine (d-AMP) or l-amphetamine (l-AMP), or morphine in rats using the hot plate procedure. The analgetic action of l-AMP was potentiated by morphine and slightly antagonized by naloxone; it was antagonized by clonidine, alpha-MT, yohimbine, fluoxetine and metergoline, but enhanced by PCPA. The analgetic action of morphine was antagonized by both naloxone and PCPA.

Stress-induced consumption of ethanol by rats.

Rats were maintained in a continuous choice situation for consumption of either 0.1% aqueous saccharin or 10% ethanol- 0.1% saccharin with daily tube position reversal and 24 hour fluid consumption measurement.

Brain catecholamine alterations accompanying development of anorexia in rats bearing the Walker 256 carcinoma.

In the present study, the relationship between central catecholamine levels and the anorexia induced by Walker 256 carcinoma was investigated. Results indicate that the anorexia is not due to depletion of central catecholamines. Tumor bearing rats sacrificed at night, when spontaneous food intake is selectively depressed, showed increased norepinephrine levels in the hypothalamus, cortex and hippocampus and increased dopamine levels in the striatum, midbrain, and cortex.

Subchronic toxicology of butyl nitrites in mice by inhalation.

Mice were exposed by inhalation to n-butyl, iso-butyl sec-butyl or tert-butyl nitrite in a dynamic airflow chamber 7 h per day for 60 days at concentrations that caused less than 20% fatalities. Under these conditions, body-weight gain was depressed over the first 30 days by all four compounds, but returned to normal over the final 30 days for all compounds except tert-butyl nitrite. Spleen weights were increased by all four butyl nitrites, and lung weights were increased by all except sec-butyl nitrite.

Comparative biochemical responses of rats to different stressful stimuli.

Adult male rats were exposed to single applications of one of three stressful stimuli (low environmental temperature, immobilization, random footshock) for periods up to 4 hours and plasma levels of corticosterone (PCS), fatty acids (PFA), and glucose (PGL) were determined at various points during the stress exposure and 1 and 2 hours post-exposure. The levels of PCS were increased by all 3 stressful stimuli in a similar temporal pattern, with the greatest magnitude of effect seen for immobilization and the least for cold exposure. The time courses of increased PFA levels were similar for immobilization and cold exposure; the response to foot shock was delayed in onset by 2 hours.

Differing effects of short-chain alcohols on body temperature and coordinated muscular activity in mice.

Administration of single doses of ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol or 1-pentanol to mice caused hypothermia and impairment of rotarod performance. Repetitive doses, at 24-72 hr intervals led to development of tolerance to the hypothermic effects of ethanol but not of the other alcohols. No tolerance was seen in the impairment of rotarod performance with repeated doses of any of the alcohols.

Effects of exposure to stressful stimuli on the free-choice consumption of various phenethylamines by rats.

In an attempt to investigate whether a relationship exists between exposure to stressful stimuli and the consumption of CNS stimulants, rats were given continuous access to an 0.1% saccharin solution and either d-amphetamine (AMP), methamphetamine (MET) or phenylpropanolamine (PPA) at two concentrations. Animals were exposed to either isolation/novel environment or immobilization stress repetitively over a two week period on an irregular/unpredictable schedule.

Chemical analysis of marker substances.

The development of chemical assay procedures for potential marker substances will depend on, and be determined by, three basic factors: (1) the nature of the substance used, (2) the characteristics of the biological samples obtained, and (3) the varieties of information required. Once these have been delineated, the analytical methodology can be specifically characterized in terms of specificity and sensitivity; accuracy, precision, and reliability; and ease, cost, and safety. The specific details of a method must be based on the three factors mentioned above.