In Memoriam: Professor Joseph Biederman's Contributions to Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

Objective: To provide an overview of Joe Biederman's contributions to child and adolescent psychiatry.

Method: Nine colleagues described his contributions to: psychopharmacology, comorbidity and genetics, pediatric bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorders, Tourette's and tic disorders, clinical and neuro biomarkers for pediatric mood disorders, executive functioning, and adult ADHD.

Results: Joe Biederman left us with many concrete indicators of his contributions to child and adolescent psychiatry.

Neural and Cognitive Predictors of Stimulant Treatment Efficacy in Medication-Naïve ADHD Adults: A Pilot Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study.

Objective: Stimulant medications are the main treatment for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), but overall treatment efficacy in adults has less than a 60% response rate. This study aimed to identify neural and cognitive markers predictive of longitudinal improvement in response to stimulant treatment in drug-naïve adults with ADHD.

Method: We used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and executive function measures with 36 drug-naïve adult ADHD patients in a prospective study design.

Decline in Partner-Accompanied Births during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Internet-Based Study.

The study objective was to describe trends in partner-accompanied birth between January 2019 and August 2021 and examine the associations of partner-accompanied birth with women's psychological distress and partners' housework and parenting. A total of 5605 women who had a live singleton birth between January 2019 and August 2021 and had a partner participated in this nationwide internet-based survey between July and August 2021 in Japan. The percentages of women's intentions and actual experience of partner-accompanied births were calculated per month.

Protease-Independent Production of Poliovirus Virus-like Particles in Pichia pastoris: Implications for Efficient Vaccine Development and Insights into Capsid Assembly.

The production of enterovirus virus-like particles (VLPs) that lack the viral genome have great potential as vaccines for a number of diseases, such as poliomyelitis and hand, foot, and mouth disease. These VLPs can mimic empty capsids, which are antigenically indistinguishable from mature virions, produced naturally during viral infection. Both in infection and , capsids and VLPs are generated by the cleavage of the P1 precursor protein by a viral protease.

The Heritability of ADHD in Children of ADHD Parents: A Post-hoc Analysis of Longitudinal Data.

Objective: A growing literature suggests attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heritable disorder. We evaluated children at risk for ADHD by virtue of having parents with ADHD and compared them with children of parents without ADHD to assess the degree of heritability of ADHD.

Method: The sample for this study was derived from three longitudinal studies that tracked families with various disorders, including ADHD.

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Clinical Trial of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Inositol as Monotherapies and in Combination for the Treatment of Pediatric Bipolar Spectrum Disorder in Children Age 5-12.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) and inositol alone and in combination for the treatment of pediatric bipolar (BP) spectrum disorder in young children.

Methods: Participants were male and female children ages 5-12 meeting DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for a BP spectrum disorder and displaying mixed, manic, or hypomanic symptoms without psychotic features at the time of evaluation.

Results: Participants concomitantly taking psychotropic medication were excluded from efficacy analyses.

Can machine learning identify childhood characteristics that predict future development of bipolar disorder a decade later?

Early identification of bipolar disorder may provide appropriate support and treatment, however there is no current evidence for statistically predicting whether a child will develop bipolar disorder. Machine learning methods offer an opportunity for developing empirically-based predictors of bipolar disorder. This study examined whether bipolar disorder can be predicted using clinical data and machine learning algorithms.

Long term outcomes of pediatric Bipolar-I disorder: A prospective follow-up analysis attending to full syndomatic, subsyndromal and functional types of remission.

Objective: To examine patterns of remission of pediatric bipolar I (BP-I) disorder attending to syndromatic, symptomatic, and functional outcomes from childhood to adolescent and young adult years.

Methods: We analyzed data from a six-year prospective follow-up study of youths aged 6-17 years with BP-I disorder. Subjects were comprehensively assessed at baseline and subsequently at four, five, and six years thereafter.

Findings from a pilot open-label trial of N-acetylcysteine for the treatment of pediatric mania and hypomania.

Background: Pediatric bipolar disorder is a highly prevalent and morbid disorder and is considered a prevalent public health concern. Currently approved treatments often pose the risk of serious side effects. Therefore, this study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), in children and adolescents with bipolar spectrum disorder.

Disentangling the heterogeneity of emotional dysregulation in referred youth using the Child Behavior Checklist attending to age and sex effects.

Purpose: To assess the utility of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) to identify meaningful subtypes of emotional dysregulation in an outpatient pediatric psychiatry clinic.

Methods: The sample consisted of 417 newly referred youth 6-18 years of age. Parents completed the CBCL and rating scales measuring executive function deficits, social functioning, and quality of life.

Association between frontal cortico-limbic white-matter microstructure and risk for pediatric depression.

This study aimed to identify white-matter microstructural characteristics associated with risk for pediatric major depressive disorder (MDD) measured by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Anxiety/Depression scores. Children (N = 32) of both sexes, aged 6-12, underwent T1-weighted whole-head anatomical and diffusion-weighted imaging. Each participant's mean diffusion measure image was generated and thinned to create an alignment-invariant tract representation.

The Efficacy and Cognitive Effects of Acute Course Electroconvulsive Therapy Are Equal in Adolescents, Transitional Age Youth, and Young Adults.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective acute treatment for depression, but its use in younger patients is rare and heavily regulated in many U.S. states.

Review: Adult Outcome as Seen Through Controlled Prospective Follow-up Studies of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Followed Into Adulthood.

Objective: To describe adult outcome of people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosed in childhood and its several key predictors via a review of 7 North American controlled prospective follow-up studies: Montreal, New York, Milwaukee, Pittsburgh, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Berkeley, and 7-site Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With ADHD (MTA).

Method: All studies were prospective and followed children with a diagnosis of ADHD and an age- and gender-matched control group at regular intervals from childhood (6-12 years of age) through adolescence into adulthood (20-40 years of age), evaluating symptom and syndrome persistence, functional outcomes, and predictors of these outcomes.

Results: The rates of ADHD syndrome persistence ranged from 5.

The child behavior checklist can aid in characterizing suspected comorbid psychopathology in clinically referred youth with ADHD.

Objective: To examine the utility of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) to aid in the identification of comorbid psychopathological conditions affecting referred youth with suspected ADHD prior to the evaluation. The CBCL is an easy-to-use assessment tool that may provide invaluable information regarding the severity and characteristics of the presenting complaints.

Methods: The sample included 332 youths consecutively referred to an ADHD program for the assessment of suspected ADHD.

Further Evidence that Subsyndromal Manifestations of Depression in Childhood Predict the Subsequent Development of Major Depression: A Replication Study in a 10 Year Longitudinally Assessed Sample.

Background: We have previously shown that subsyndromal scores on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)-Anxiety/Depression (Anx/Dep) scale at baseline predicted the subsequent development of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in youth with ADHD. The present study aimed to replicate these findings in a separate, long-term, longitudinal sample of children at high- and low- risk for depression.

Methods: 219 children of parents with and without depression and/or anxiety, ages 2-25, were stratified into 3 groups: 1) children with familial risk for depression (by presence of parental MDD) plus subsyndromal scores on the CBCL-Anx/Dep scale, 2) children with familial risk for depression without subsyndromal scores, and 3) children with neither familial risk for depression nor subsyndromal scores.

Prediction of stimulus-independent and task-unrelated thought from functional brain networks.

Neural substrates of "mind wandering" have been widely reported, yet experiments have varied in their contexts and their definitions of this psychological phenomenon, limiting generalizability. We aimed to develop and test the generalizability, specificity, and clinical relevance of a functional brain network-based marker for a well-defined feature of mind wandering-stimulus-independent, task-unrelated thought (SITUT). Combining functional MRI (fMRI) with online experience sampling in healthy adults, we defined a connectome-wide model of inter-regional coupling-dominated by default-frontoparietal control subnetwork interactions-that predicted trial-by-trial SITUT fluctuations within novel individuals.

Can the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) help characterize the types of psychopathologic conditions driving child psychiatry referrals?

Background: Little is known about the scope of problems driving referrals to child and adolescent psychiatry services. Identifying the full range of mental disorders affecting a particular child can help triage the child to a clinician with the appropriate level of expertise. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) is an easy-to-use assessment tool that may provide invaluable information regarding the severity of the presenting complaints and also aid in the referral process.

Differentiating bipolar disorder from unipolar depression in youth: A systematic literature review of neuroimaging research studies.

Differentiating bipolar disorder from unipolar depression is one of the most difficult clinical questions posed in pediatric psychiatric practices, as misdiagnosis can lead to severe repercussions for the affected child. This study aimed to examine the existing literature that investigates brain differences between bipolar and unipolar mood disorders in children directly, across all neuroimaging modalities. We performed a systematic literature search through PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and Medline databases with defined inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Assessing the Magnitude of Risk for ADHD in Offspring of Parents with ADHD: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.

The main aim of this study was to examine the body of knowledge on the prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in "high-risk" children whose parents are diagnosed with ADHD. This knowledge could aid early identification for children presenting with ADHD symptoms at a young age. We conducted a systematic search of the literature assessing high-risk children.

Cingulum-Callosal white-matter microstructure associated with emotional dysregulation in children: A diffusion tensor imaging study.

Emotional dysregulation symptoms in youth frequently predispose individuals to increased risk for mood disorders and other mental health difficulties. These symptoms are also known as a behavioral risk marker in predicting pediatric mood disorders. The underlying neural mechanism of emotional dysregulation, however, remains unclear.

Toward operationalizing deficient emotional self-regulation in newly referred adults with ADHD: A receiver operator characteristic curve analysis.

Background: A growing body of research suggests that deficient emotional self-regulation (DESR) is common and morbid among attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients. The main aim of the present study was to assess whether high and low levels of DESR in adult ADHD patients can be operationalized and whether they are clinically useful.

Methods: A total of 441 newly referred 18- to 55-year-old adults of both sexes with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Fifth Edition (DSM-5) ADHD completed self-reported rating scales.

Further Evidence of the Diagnostic Utility of the Child Behavior Checklist for Identifying Pediatric Bipolar I Disorder.

Background: Pediatric bipolar (BP) disorder is a prevalent and highly morbid disorder. While structured diagnostic interviews have been developed to aide in the diagnosis of pediatric BP disorder, these tools are lengthy, costly, and not widely available. One possible diagnostic aid is the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL).

Does L-Methylfolate Supplement Methylphenidate Pharmacotherapy in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?: Evidence of Lack of Benefit From a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose/background: Interventions for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be inadequate for some patients. There is evidence that supplementation with L-methylfolate augments antidepressant agent effects and thus might also augment ADHD treatment effects by a common catecholaminergic mechanism.

Methods: Forty-four adults with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition diagnosis of ADHD participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 12-week trial of 15 mg of L-methylfolate in combination with osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate.