Development of a genome-wide marker design workflow for onions and its application in target amplicon sequencing-based genotyping.

Onions are one of the most widely cultivated vegetables worldwide; however, the development and utilization of molecular markers have been limited because of the large genome of this plant. We present a genome-wide marker design workflow for onions and its application in a high-throughput genotyping method based on target amplicon sequencing. The efficiency of the method was evaluated by genotyping of F2 populations.

Multichromosomal structure of the onion mitochondrial genome and a transcript analysis.

The structures of plant mitochondrial genomes are more complex than those of animals. One of the reasons for this is that plant mitochondrial genomes typically have many long and short repeated sequences and intra- and intermolecular recombination may create various DNA molecules in this organelle. Recombination may sometimes create a novel gene that causes cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS).

Complete mitochondrial genome sequences of (Chinese cabbage and mizuna), and intraspecific differentiation of cytoplasm in and .

The complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome was determined for two cultivars of . After determining the sequence of a Chinese cabbage variety, 'Oushou hakusai', the sequence of a mizuna variety, 'Chusei shiroguki sensuji kyomizuna', was mapped against the sequence of Chinese cabbage. The precise sequences where the two varieties demonstrated variation were ascertained by direct sequencing.

Genome sequencing of the staple food crop white Guinea yam enables the development of a molecular marker for sex determination.

Background: Root and tuber crops are a major food source in tropical Africa. Among these crops are several species in the monocotyledonous genus Dioscorea collectively known as yam, a staple tuber crop that contributes enormously to the subsistence and socio-cultural lives of millions of people, principally in West and Central Africa. Yam cultivation is constrained by several factors, and yam can be considered a neglected "orphan" crop that would benefit from crop improvement efforts.

Mitochondrial genome sequences from wild and cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare).

Background: Sequencing analysis of mitochondrial genomes is important for understanding the evolution and genome structures of various plant species. Barley is a self-pollinated diploid plant with seven chromosomes comprising a large haploid genome of 5.1 Gbp.

A possible breakage of linkage disequilibrium between mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes during Emmer and Dinkel wheat evolution.

In wheat (Triticum) and Aegilops, chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes have been studied for over three decades to clarify the phylogenetic relationships among species, and most of the maternal lineages of polyploid species have been clarified. Mitochondrial genomes of Emmer (tetraploid with nuclear genome AABB) and Dinkel (hexaploid with AABBDD) wheat are classified into two different types, VIIa and VIIb, by the presence-absence of the third largest HindIII fragment (named H3) in the mitochondrial DNA. Although the mitochondrial genome in the genera often provides useful information to clarify the phylogenetic relationship among closely related species, the phylogenetic significance of this dimorphism has yet not been clarified.